问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成题目。

慢慢老去的故乡

牧云

①人们常说,城里是农村人的梦想,农村是城里人的精神家园。可是,我的家乡就像我们的乡亲一样,年复一年地老去。

②山还是那座山,河还是那条河,田野依旧平静,炊烟依旧袅绕。除了平坦的乡村道路延伸着一些希望,其他的都早已定格在记忆里。

③我的故乡在湖北黄冈,坐落在倒水河畔,是著名的老区。那里远离都市,是一个被现代文明遗忘的角落。群山环绕的故乡被高速公路、铁路抛在一边,更不用说机场了。千百年来,人们或吃田地的出产,或靠一门手艺走村串户,或从事服务业,或在小型企业做手工活,养活着穷二代、穷三代。

④老家有百多户人家,胡同连通,鸡犬串户。老屋的一条巷子十二户屋连屋,脊连脊。当年,人们吃饭的时候聚在某一家门前,尝“百家菜”;哪家有红白喜事,大家纷纷自愿帮忙,那叫一个壮观。月儿升起了,竹床、藤椅、小凳搬到一块,劣质烟点燃了,一壶茶,几瓶水,天南海北地唠。小孩们财捉迷藏,从第一家一直藏到最后一家。月儿西斜,在大人此起彼伏的吆喝声里,不知疲倦的孩子们才依依不舍地散了。

⑤如今,这条巷子只住着一个独身老人,今年七十多了。其余的都搬家做了城里人。有两间屋子因年久失修、雨水冲刷倒塌,其余的被铁锁封存。走在巷子中,满眼残破、衰败,连鸡犬猫都不见踪影。

⑥新房子很少,穷二代、三代们把从城里挣的钱还给了城市。

⑦村里少见青壮年,他们纷纷到城里打工去了,家里有大事才回来。女孩子开了眼界,宁可嫁给老头、多婚头、残疾人甚至做二奶,也要保留城里人的身份。只有老人、妇女和孩子,留守着祖传的家业。晚辈给年迈多病的老父老母雇来保姆,给田地请来小工。一句话,不差钱,缺的是宝贵时间。农村的扶贫款项很多,合作医疗也很完备,但是老人缺的是在身边尽孝心的孩子。

③小学荒废了。斯壁残垣,荒草藤蔓,紧锁的木门。也不知道没有玻璃的窗户里,除了藏着我儿时的回忆之外,还有什么宝贝物什。随着孩子自然和非自然的递减,农村学校大都被并到乡镇里了。孩子在家门前上学的时代就这样远去。

⑨村予旁有一个工厂,曾经机声隆隆。这里加工的半成品源源不断地送往武钢。能够到厂里做工是青年人的梦想。他们能够拿一份不错的薪水,每年还有几次去武汉的机会,的确让人眼馋。现在,这里已经办成了榨坊,虽然仍有机器声,但没有当年旺盛的人气。

⑩走近田野,澄澈依旧、碧绿依旧。虽然种植的面积与重点有些不同,但不外乎还是那些品种。欠缺和遗憾却太多了。水间鹭鸶呢?田埂上的王八、水蛇呢?塘梗上的桑葚、梧桐籽呢?望着绿得有些沉寂的田野,我怅然若失。

11乡间还有保留了数十年的行当,那就是货郎、赤脚医生(兽医)。自行车是主要的代步工具。只有在年关,摩托、各种小汽车才会多起来。

12在跟村支书的聊天中得知,虽然党的富民政策好,但青年人习惯了做城乡之间的候鸟,不愿意在老家生活。可喜的是,本村有一个叫二狗的青年,在外打工十多年,积累了千万身家,近来准备回乡投资创办绿色家园公司。他计划承包部分的山和坡,逐年改良山林品种,以山荼和意杨林为主。扩建山间公路,增挖鱼塘鱼池。并新建体闲餐厅、宾馆和体育娱乐场馆。二狗的计划提起了我的兴趣。也许,像这样的有志青年才是农村的希望,他们的投资能够给家乡注入活力,使古老的乡村焕发出无限生机。(选自《散文百家》,2013年7月)

小题1:下面对文章内容的理解和赏析,不正确的两项是( )( )(4分)

A.文章中作者说故乡“慢慢老去”,这是用拟人的修辞手法,形象地描绘了故乡地处偏远,远离都市,随时间的流逝,正慢慢地衰败。

B.“新房子很少,穷二代、三代们把从城里挣的钱还给了城市”,这句话的意思是农村青年到城里打工,在城里生活,很少回乡修房安居的。

C.文章第⑩段“我怅然若失”的原因是,农村田野澄澈碧绿依旧,但种植品种传统老旧,生态和农村风味欠缺和遗憾太多了。

D.文章第12段写农村青年二狗的事迹,是为了突出作者的观点:有志青年回到家乡,建设家乡,才能使古老的乡村焕发出无限生机。E.全文用对比的手法,将过去的风味小村、淳朴的乡民和宁静的乡村生活与现今逐渐衰败的乡村对比,表达了对过去乡村生活的怀念之情。

小题2:第②段叙写了什么?在文中起到怎样的作用?请联系全文作简要的赏析。(4分)

小题3:作者说故乡在“年复一年地老去”,结合全文,简要概括这样说的理由。(3分)

小题4:现在许多农村青年生活在城市里。请对此现象谈谈你的看法。(3分)

答案

小题1:AE

小题2:①此段实写作者家乡现在的景象和作者的感受(1分)。山河田野炊烟依旧,可物是人非,原有的美好只有留存在记忆里了,流露出作者的惋惜怅惘之情。(1分)②承上启下,为下文写记忆中的故乡作铺垫。

小题3:①巷子残破、衰败。②村里少见青壮年。③农村小学荒废。④村旁工厂没人气。⑤田野沉寂萧条。⑥乡间经济交通落后。

小题4:答案示例一:农村青年在城市生活是社会进步的体现。(1分)一方面,他们融入城市,为城市的发展提供了劳动力或技术,做出了较大贡献;(1分)另一方面,他们跟上社会发展的节奏,改善了自己的生活方式和生存环境,提高了生活质量。(1分)

答案示例二:农村青年在城市生活会导致乡村的衰落。(1分)一方面,他们的流失,直接导致农村劳动力的缺乏,田地荒芜,经济萧条;(1分)另一方面,无暇兼顾老人和小孩,使亲人失去天伦之乐,也直接导致农村文化的衰落。(1分)

小题1:

题目分析:A望文生义,“慢慢老去”在本文中是指故乡青年男女进城务工又不愿回乡生活,导致故乡逐渐衰败,缺乏生机。E主客颠倒,表达了对乡村现状的思考和隐忧。

小题2:

题目分析:通过阅读可知,这段文字写对现在的家乡的感受。结合物是人非,写起情感。中间某段的问题,在结构上是起到承上启下、过渡的作用。

小题3:

题目分析:针对村子的现状,作者抒发感慨,联系上下文即可。

小题4:

题目分析:结合“青年”在城市或在农村所起的作用分析。

选择题
阅读理解

Directions: The following people are expressing their thoughts (1--4) to show their concern for food, environment and so on. After that are pieces of related information (A--E). Now decide which piece of information would be most suitable for the thought and idea mentioned in questions1---4 and mark your answer letter (A---E) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

______小题1: How I was struck by the clear water and fresh air in my childhood! But everything has changed, that is, the clear water and fresh air are nowhere to be found again as they were. Above all, a great deal of waste hardly rots away.

_____小题2:More and more people are beginning to have a good knowledge of the importance of a safer and cleaner environment, which in turn forces the business to be cleaned up.

____小题3: I’m very much fond of growing some vegetables of my own in my small garden, for many vegetables on sale in markets are actually becoming more and more dangerous as a result of widespread pesticides.

____小题4: Nowadays it is very convenient for consumers to find and buy green food in supermarkets as they are clearly marked.

A.“Organic produce is always better,” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides, and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.

B.The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the public accept the old attitude of “Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it.” The public pressure is on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act.[

C.Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment-friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.

D.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels (标签) to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing (制造) of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.E. Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences - but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand. “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.