问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文段,回答问题。

信仰之光

周国平

  ①信仰,就是相信人生中有一种东西,它比自己的生命重要得多,甚至是人生中最重要的东西,值得为之活着,必要时也值得为之献身。

  ②提起信仰,人们常常会想到宗教。在人类历史上,在现实生活中,宗教信仰的确是信仰最常见的一种形态。不过,两者不完全是一回事。事实上,做一个教徒不等于就有了信仰,而有信仰的人也未必信奉某一宗教。有一回,我到佛教胜地普陀山旅游。在山上一座大庙里,和尚们正为一个施主做法事,中间休息,一个小和尚走来与我攀谈。我问他:“做法事很累吧!”他随口答道:“是呵,挣钱真不容易。”一句话表明了他并不真信佛教,皈依佛门只是谋生的手段。在同一次旅程中,我还遇见另一个小和尚。当时,我正乘船航行。船舱里异常闷热,乘客们纷纷挤到舱内惟一的自来水管旁洗脸。他手拿毛巾,静静等候在一旁。终于轮到他了,又有一名乘客夺步上前,把他挤开。他面无愠色,退到旁边,礼貌地以手示意:“请,请。”我目睹了这一幕,心中肃然起敬,相信眼前这个身披青灰色袈裟的年轻僧人是真正有信仰的人。后来,通过交谈,这一直觉得到了证实,我发现他谈吐不俗,对佛理和人生有很深的领悟。

  ③其实,真正有信仰不在于相信佛、上帝、真主或别的什么神,而在于相信人生应该有崇高的追求,有超出世俗的理想和目标。真正看重信仰的人决不盲目相信某一种流行的宗教或别的什么思想,而是通过独立思考来寻求和确立自己的信仰。两千四百年前,苏格拉底就是被雅典民众以不信神的罪名处死的。他的确不信神,但他有自己的坚定信仰,他的信仰就是:人生的价值在于爱智慧,用理性省察生活尤其是道德生活。在审判时,法庭允许免他一死,前提是他必须放弃信奉和宣传这一信仰,被他拒绝了。他说,未经省察的人生不值得一过,活着不如死去。他为自己的信仰献出了宝贵的生命。

  ④信仰是内心的光,它照亮了一个人的人生之路。没有信仰的人犹如在黑暗中行路,不辨方向,没有目标,随波逐流,活一辈子也只是浑浑噩噩。当然,一个人要真正确立起自己的信仰,这不是一件容易的事,不但需要独立思考,而且需要相当的阅历和比较。在漫长的人生道路上,改变信仰的事情也是经常发生的,不足为怪。在我看来,在信仰的问题上,真正重要的是要有真诚的态度。所谓真诚,第一就是要认真,既不是无所谓,可有可无,也不是随大流,盲目相信;第二就是要诚实,决不自欺欺人。有了这种真诚的态度,即使你没有找到一种明确的思想形态作为你的信仰,你也可以算作一个有信仰的人了,因为你至少是在信仰着一种有真诚追求的人生境界。事实上,在一个普遍丧失甚至嘲侮信仰的时代,也许惟有在这些真诚的寻求者和迷惘者中才能找到真正有信仰的人呢。(选自周国平《各自的朝圣路》,东方出版社1999年10月版,有删改)

1.第②段是怎样证明宗教和信仰“两者不完全是一回事”这个观点的?请具体分析。

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2.第③段划线句子写苏格拉底的信仰,文章用它来证明什么观点?

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3.作者说:“在信仰的问题上,真正重要的是要有真诚的态度。”你是怎么理解真诚的态度对确立信仰的作用的?

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答案

1.第②段列举了两个事例:普陀山上做法事的小和尚并不真信佛教,只是将皈依佛门作为计谋生手段;而船上谦让有礼、与人无争的小和尚则虔诚信佛,能深刻领悟佛理和人生。两人同为佛教徒,但前者无信仰,后者有信仰,形成鲜明对比,有力证明了宗教和信仰两者不完全是一回事。

2.真正看重信仰的人(决不盲目相信某一种流行的宗教或别的什么思想,而是)通过独立思考来寻求和确立自己的信仰。

3.有真诚的态度,是确立信仰的前提。一个人只有对信仰有了真诚的态度,真正认真对待信仰问题,诚实审视心中追求的信仰,才会孜孜不倦去寻求信仰,才会找到真正的信仰,并且才能逐步明晰自己信仰的思想形态。(意对即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The building is shaking. A woman with a baby in her arms is trying to open the door, but fails. Finding

no way, she rushes into her bedroom and there they survive the earthquake. 

     In a factory building, as the workshop floor swings under the terrible shaking, workers run for safety.

Some hide (隐藏) under the machines and survive, but others who try to run outside are killed by the falling

ceilings.

     These scenes, played by actors and actresses, are from a film of science education 《Making a

Split Second Decision》 shown in 1998 on China Central TV in memory of Tangshan Earthquake. By

studying actual cases in the earthquake areas and scientific experiments, experts (专家) find that buildings

remain untouched for the first 12 seconds of an earthquake.

     In this short time, one has the best chance of surviving an earthquake by staying near the inside walls, in

bedrooms and under beds, experts concluded in the film. "Earthquakes seem to catch the lives of those who

run," said many survivors in the earthquake areas, describing how their friends were killed on the doorways

or along the stair steps as they tried to get out of the building.

     Their advice was proved in the film, "Take a hiding-place where you are rather than run, unless you are

sure you can reach a safe open place in ten seconds."

1. The word "survive" appears in the passage several times. It probably means ________ in Chinese.

A. 遇难

B. 幸存

C. 恐惧

D. 摇晃 

2. The workers who tried to run outside the building died because ________.

A. the factory building was shaking terribly

B. they were making a film

C. they didn't have enough time to run outside

D. they were too nervous

3. The passage suggests that you should ________ when an earthquake happens.

A. cry for help

B. not move and lie on the floor at once

C. run down the steps as fast as you can

D. find a safe place and hide in at once or run out in ten seconds

4. Where can we probably find this passage?

A. In a magazine.

B. In an advertisement.

C. In a history book.

D. In a poster.

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