问题 综合题

阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。(共14分)

材料一 古先圣王之所以导其民者,先务于农。民农非徒为地利也,贵其志也。民农则朴,朴则易用,易用则边境安,主住尊。民农则重。重则少私艾,少私义则套法立,力专一。民农则其产复,其产复则重彼,重徒则死处而无二虑。舍奉而事末则不夸。不夸则不可以守,不可以战。民舍本而事柬则其产约,其产约则轻迁徒,轻迁徙,则国家有惠,皆有远志,无有居心。民舍本而事末则好智,好智则多诈.多诈则巧法令,以是为非,以非为是。

——《吕氏春秋·上农》

材料二

清乾隆十九年江浙盐运使司发给黔县商人的运销执照

 
           

 

材料三  郡城之东,皆习机业;织文曰缎,方空曰纱。工匠各有专能,匠有常主,计日受值。有他故,则唤无主之匠代之,曰“换代”。无主者,黎明立桥头以待……若机房工作减,此辈衣食无所矣。                                                        ——《苏州风俗考》

史料一作者主张实行怎样的经济政策?结合材料说明该作者的理由。(4分)

史料二指出了清政府怎样的工商业政策?(2分)

史料三反映出当时经济领域出现了什么新现象?这种现象的本质是什么?(4分)

史料一、二与史料三之间有怎样的关系?造成了怎样的影响?(4分)

答案

(1)重农抑商。(2分)理由:民众务农,可以收获地利,端正民心民志;民众务农,则朴实而易用,有利于国家的安定。(2分)

(2)通过发放执照、征收赋税的方式加强对工商业的管理(2分)

(3)新现象:“机户出资,机工出力”以及专门的劳动力市场出现。(2分)

本质:资本主义萌芽出现(2分)

关系:重农抑商和强化对工商业管理的政策压制了资本主义萌芽的发展。(2分)

影响:资本主义萌芽长期发展缓慢,导致近代中国的落伍。(2分)

本题主要考查学生对中国古代和近代经济发展的理解。

第(1)问,根据材料结合所学知识即可得出答案。

第(2)问,根据材料结合所学知识即可得出答案。

第(3)问,根据材料结合所学知识即可得出答案。

第(4)问,它们之间有怎样的关系,根据材料,在对材料信息整合、归纳的基础上回答即可。影响结合所学即可得出答案。

单项选择题
单项选择题

The history of African—Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated (1) an ongoing struggle against (2) and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle (3) as an upward movement is (4) toward ever more justice and opportunity.

Technology in and of (5) is not at fault; it’s much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics (6) been the enemy of an (7) group of people. A certain machine is put (8) work in a certain way—the purpose (9) which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to (10) a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, (11) the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization (12) the Renaissance.

Mastery of technology is second only (13) money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by (14) this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have (15) it, blacks are allowing. (16) to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be (17) from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs (18) ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.

And blacks must change as well. The ways that (19) their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks (20) to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.

7()

A.entirely

B.enter

C.entire

D.entrance