问题 解答题

如图是科学家做的“涡虫对光的行为反应”实验.请仔细观察图示,并回答问题:

(1)实验中,涡虫的哪些行为是先天性行为?请简述理由.

(2)实验中,涡虫的哪些行为是学习行为?请简述理由.

(3)实验表明,______行为是在______行为的基础上建立的.

答案

(1)步骤A中涡虫在强光下伸展身体,步骤B中涡虫在电击下收缩身体,这是涡虫的先天性行为.动物生来就有的,由动物体内的遗传物质所决定的行为.先天性行为是动物的一种本能行为,不会丧失.

(2)学习行为是在遗传因素的基础上,通过环境因素的作用,由生活经验和学习而获得的行为.

步骤D是涡虫的学习行为.产生这种不同的原因是:实验中多次给涡虫以“光照-电击”连续刺激,涡虫对“光照”形成了条件反射,强光由无关刺激变成了条件刺激.后天学习行为使其能够适应迅速改变的环境,有利于个体的生存和种族繁衍.

(3)后天性学习行为是动物出生后通过学习得来的行为.动物建立后天行为的主要方式是条件反射.参与神经中枢是大脑皮层不是与生俱来的而是动物在成长过程中,逐渐形成的后天性反射,是在先天性行为的基础上,经过一定的过程,通过学习、多次尝试后,在大脑皮层参与下完成的,通过生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的新的行为.

故答案为:(1)A中涡虫在强光下伸展身体,骤B中涡虫在电击下收缩身体,这是涡虫生来就有的先天性行为.

(2)步骤D是涡虫的学习行为,产生这种不同的原因是:实验中多次给涡虫以“光照-电击”连续刺激,涡虫对“光照”形成了条件反射,强光由无关刺激变成了条件刺激.(3)学习;先天性.

阅读理解

仔细阅读下面的几篇文章,并选出问题的正确答案。

     In a New York street, a small truck hit a big tree. The truck was full of glasses and they were all

broken. The driver came out of the truck and looked at the broken glasses. He was very sad and

people in the street felt sorry for him. Then an old man walked over to the driver. He looked at him for

a few minutes and said, "My poor boy! I think you must pay a lot for this." "Yes," was the sad answer.

     "Well, well," said the old man, "hold out your hat-here's some money for you, and I can say that

some of these people will give you a helping hand, too." Then he walked away.

     The driver held out his hat and over a hundred people came and put their money in it. At last, the

driver took out a bag and put all the money in it. Then he looked at the people and said, "Well, thank

you very much. But you didn't know that the old man is the owner of the truck. I'm driving and making

money for him." 

1. What did the truck hit?    

A. An old man.      

B. A big tree.    

C. Some glasses.    

D. A big hat. 

2. How did the driver feel when he looked at the broken glasses?   

A. Afraid and excited.    

B. Pleased and frightened.         

C. Unhappy and worried.  

D. Surprised and happy.

3. Why did people give the driver money?  

A. Because they felt sorry for him.          

B. Because the knew the old man.       

C. Because they wanted to help the old man.  

D. Because they were the driver's friends

4. From the passage we know that            .      

A. The old gave the young man a hat  

B. The old man was the driver's father  

C. The driver became rich        

D. The driver had to give the money to the old man

单项选择题 A1/A2型题