问题 选择题

能进行光合作用、呼吸作用等生命活动的重要场所是

A.细胞核

B.细胞壁

C.细胞质

D.细胞膜

答案

答案:C

叶绿体是光合作用的场所,叶绿体中的叶绿素能吸收光能,将光能转变为化学能,储存在它所制造的有机物中;线粒体是呼吸作用的场所,能将细胞中的有机物在氧的参与下分解为二氧化碳和水,同时将有机物中的化学能释放出来,供细胞利用.

解:A、细胞核内含有遗传物质,是遗传控制的中心.故不符合题意.

B、细胞壁有保护和支持作用,故不符合题意.

C、细胞质内含有线粒体和叶绿体两个能量转换器,线粒体是呼吸作用的场所,叶绿体是光合作用的场所.故符合题意.

D、细胞膜的作用是控制物质的进出有用的物质不能轻易渗出,有害的物质不能轻易的进入.故不符合题意.

故选:C

叶绿体与线粒体都是细胞中的能量转换器.区别:叶绿体将光能转变成化学能储存在有机物中;线粒体分解有机物,将有机物中储存的化学能释放出来供细胞利用.

阅读理解

Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.

Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.

“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.  

“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”

Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.

“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.

“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”

小题1: How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?

A.Some researchers have told them.

B.Many women say so.

C.They know it by experimenting on rats.

D.They know it through their own experience.小题2: What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?

A.Baby rats.

B.Animals.

C.Old rats.

D.Grown-up rats.小题3:What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?

A.Estrogen.

B.The hormones of pregnancy.

C.More exercise.

D.Taking care of children.小题4:“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?

A.The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.

B.The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.

C.The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.

D.The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.小题5:Which title is the best for this passage?

A.Do You Want to Be Smarter?

B.Motherhood Makes Women Smarter

C.Mysterious Hormones

D.An Important Study

单项选择题