问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读钱国宏的《闲话白菜》,回答问题。

  ①白菜是南北方一种极其普通的蔬菜。别看它普通,闲暇时,弄一桌“白菜宴”,既解馋又养生。

  ②白菜栽培历史悠久,种类繁多。据考证,自从有人类以来,它就与人们的生活息息相关。其种类北方有胶州白、北京青白、天津绿、东北大矮白菜、山西大毛边等;南方有乌金白、蚕白菜、鸡冠白、雪里青等。

  ③白菜味道鲜美,营养丰富,有“菜中之王”美称。用于炖、炒、熘、拌以及做馅、配菜都可以,故俗语云:“肉中就数猪肉美,菜里唯有白菜鲜。”

  ④白菜除作为蔬菜供人们食用之外,还有一定的药用价值。古代医书《名医别录》里记载:“白菜能通利胃肠,除胸中烦,解酒毒”。清代《本草纲目拾遗》中说:“白菜汁,甘温无毒,利肠胃,除胸烦,解酒渴,利大小便,和中止嗽”,并说“冬汁尤佳”。

  ⑤白菜食法颇多,从烹调方法上看,无论是炒、熘、烧、煎、烩、扒、涮、凉拌、腌制,都可做成美味佳肴,如果同鲜菇、冬菇、火腿、虾米、肉、栗子等一起烧,还可以做出很多富有地方特色的菜肴。用新鲜猪肉末制成丸子,再加大白菜红烧,这是河南地区有名的“大白菜烧丸子”。把干辣椒经过油炸,然后用醋与白菜块同炒,这是有名的“醋溜白菜”。东北有道名菜就叫“栗子烧白菜”,这道菜的特点是汁鲜味美,酥烂适口,红白黄三色相间,色、香、味兼备。此外,还有“奶汁靠白菜”、“如意白菜卷”等等一系列菜肴。

  ⑥总之,白菜食用方法很多,入书的就有数百种,在东北,吃得最普遍的还是炖白菜汤和炖酸菜。东北人喜欢把白菜渍成酸菜,酸菜炖火锅、炖大骨头成为了东北人引以为豪的家常菜。酸菜炖大骨头端上桌后,香气缭绕,热气腾腾,骨头肉颤巍巍,丝丝缕缕,泾渭分明;酸菜晶莹剔透,油花闪烁,让人举箸之际,耳边油然想起东北腔席卷四方的断喝:“翠花,上酸菜!”(选自《人民日报海外版》2010.1.15第14版,有删改)

1.阅读全文,请用简洁的语言概括出白菜的特点。

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2.第②段中画横线的句子主要使用哪种说明方法?有何作用?

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3.结合语境,说说第⑥段文中画横线句子中加粗词“仅”能否删掉,为什么?

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答案

1.历史悠久,种类繁多;味道鲜美,营养丰富;有药用价值;烹调食用方法很多。

2.主要使用举例子的说明方法,说明白菜栽培历史悠久、种类繁多的特点,更有说服力。

3.不能删除,“仅”表示“白菜食用方法”很多,数百种只限制在“入书”范围内,不包括还没入书的(意思接近亦可)。如果删除将变成食用方法的种类就是数百种,改变了原意。用“仅”体现说明文语言的科学性。

多项选择题 案例分析题
阅读理解

When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can changed the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child,” I told them. "Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this would be. In school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do? You grownups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words."

I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(刺激) action. Now, a decade from Rio, after I've sat through many more conferences, I'm not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual's voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.

When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I'm learning that as we have to make choices--education, career, lifestyle--life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are learning a shortsighted way of looking at the future, focusing on four-year government terms and quarterly business reports. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren't taught how to pursue a happy, healthy or sustainable way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for our future when we were 12 was idealistic and naïve(天真).

Today I'm no longer a child, but I'm worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of the change. I hope this goal will be met through our common efforts. Thank you all.

57.The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to          .

A.end poverty and make school beautiful

B.find environmental answers and show off

C.focus people’s attention on some social problems

D.find a wonderful place and clean it up

58.What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to?

A.A long period of laughing.

B.A cold and unfriendly welcome.

C.An expression used for greeting.

D.Great applause or cheering.

59.The information in the text is presented mainly through          .

A.question and answer         B.a personal lecture

C.cause and effect                  D.listing steps in a process

60.Which of the following best describes the speaker?

A.He is an experienced educator.         B.He is an impolite man.

C.He is a man of great worries.   D.He is a man of social responsibility.