问题 单项选择题

绝经后骨质疏松且无禁忌证患者,在钙剂+维生素D的基础治疗上,宜选用()

A.雌素或雌激素受体调节剂

B.双膦酸盐

C.降钙素

D.雄激素

E.孕激素

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

本题考查的是骨质疏松症的治疗。老年性骨质疏松症:可选择钙制剂、维生素D或一种骨吸收抑制剂(以双膦酸盐尤其是阿仑膦酸钠)的"三联药物"治疗,为目前较为公认的治疗方案。联合应用的疗效协同或加强,对老年人能够降低甚至逆转骨丢失,增加骨密度,降低骨折的危险性。妇女绝经后骨质疏松:钙制剂+维生素D+雌激素/选择性雌激素受体调节剂,又称激素替代治疗(hormonerePlacementthcmpy,HRT)。

肾上腺皮质激素所致的骨质疏松:肾上腺皮质激素可刺激破骨细胞的骨吸收和抑制成骨细胞的骨骼形成。在治疗上可应用双磷酸盐,如氯曲膦酸钠、丙氨磷酸二钠(帕米磷酸钠)、阿仑膦酸钠等,其中阿仑膦酸钠一日5mg。一旦发生骨丢失,惟有抗骨吸收药能明显增加骨密度,减少骨折危险性。对骨质疏松尚可选择双膦酸盐或降钙素,降钙素存有止痛作用,可用于骨折或骨骼畸形所引起的慢性疼痛。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                           Foods from Around the World

      Foods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from other countries. Here are four

people's experiences with foreign food.

      Shao Wong is a student in France. He comes from China. "I'd never tasted cheese or even milk before

I came here. Cattle are rare in my part of China, so there are no dairy products. I tried milk when I first

arrived in France. I hated it! I sampled cheese too, but couldn't manage more than one bite. I love ice cream,

though, and that's made from milk."

      Birgit is from Sweden. She traveled to Australia on vacation. "I was in a restaurant that specialized in fish,

and I heard some other customers order flake. So I ordered some too and it was delicious. Later, I found out

that flake is an Australian term for shark. After that pleasant experience, whenever I see a new food I try it

out on purpose. You know why? I remember how much I enjoyed flake."

      Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She originates from India. "I'm frightened of eating new foods because they

might be made from beef. I'm a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat meat from the cow. It's a sacred

animal to Hindus, so that's the reason I can't eat hamburgers or spaghetti with meatballs." 

       Nathan is American. He taught for a year in China. "My friends gave me some 100-year-old eggs to eat.

I didn't like the look of them at all. The insides were green, but my friends said the color was normal. The

Chinese put chemicals on fresh eggs. Then they bury them in the earth for three months. So the eggs weren't

really very old. Even so, I absolutely refused to touch them."

       Life in a new country can be scary, but it also can be fun. Would you sample a 100-year-old egg? Would

you order shark in a restaurant?

1. Which of the following sentences is true about Shao Wong? [ ]

A. He is a French-Chinese.

B. Cattle are seldom raised in his hometown.

C. He doesn't like any diary products.

D. He didn't taste cheese because he hated it.

2. What kind of girl is Birgit?[ ]

A. Religious.

B. Brave.

C. Confident.

D. Open- minded.

3. Chandra is frightened of eating food made from beef, because _____. [ ]

A. It's against Hindus' religion.

B. She is a doctor and she thinks beef is not easy to chew and digest.

C. She is an Indian.

D. Hindus think beef is not tasty.

4. The underlined word "Sacred" in paragraph 4 means _____. [ ]

A. frightening

B. large

C. man-eating

D. greatly respected

5. What can you infer from this passage? [ ]

A. Foods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from other countries.

B. Despite (虽然) cultural differences in food, have a try and maybe you'll get used to it.

C. A vacation is a good way to learn about new foods. Be sure to go on vacation more often.

D. People dislike eating new foods only because their religion forbids it.

选择题