问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

骨髓穿刺时,护士所做的哪项准备不妥()。

A.术前做普鲁卡因皮试

B.嘱病人侧卧位,选髂前上棘为穿刺点

C.术后平卧休息4h

D.穿刺当日嘱病人不要沐浴

E.观察穿刺部位有无出血

答案

参考答案:B

解析:再生障碍性贫血的护理措施;精析:骨髓穿刺时,若胸骨或髂前上棘穿刺,患者取仰卧位,若棘突穿刺时取坐位或侧卧位,若髂后上棘穿刺时应取侧卧位。因此B说法错,应该取仰卧位。其余均为正确的做法。避错:考生以错选A项,如是利多卡因非过敏体质者不做麻醉药过敏皮试。作局部浸润麻醉直至骨膜。部位选择①髂前上棘:常取髂前上棘后上方1~2cm处作为穿刺点,此处骨面较平,容易固定,操作方便安全;②髂后上棘:位于骶椎两侧、臀部上方骨性突出部位;③胸骨柄,其后有心房及大血管,严防穿透发生危险,较少选用;④腰椎棘突:位于腰椎棘突突出处,极少选用。体位:胸骨及髂前上棘穿刺时取仰卧位,前者还需用枕头垫于背后,以使胸部稍突出。髂后上棘穿刺时应取侧卧位。腰椎棘突穿刺时取坐位或侧卧位。故本题选择B项。

阅读理解

Drink drivers could be prohibited from driving under the influence if new technology from Nissan is introduced.

The Japanese car maker has developed a new odor (气味) detection system designed to prevent drivers from operating a car if they are over the legal limit. The system works by using a series of sensors (传感器) to detect the level of alcohol the driver has consumed.

A high-sensitivity alcohol odor sensor is built into the gear stick (变速杆), which is able to detect the presence of the driver’s palm as he or she attempts to start driving. If the alcohol level detected is above a pre-determined limit, the system automatically locks the transmission(变速器), immobilizing the car. A voice alert is also issued via the car navigation system telling the driver that he or she is over the limit.

Extra sensors are also placed in the driver and passenger seats and a warning is issued if these sensors detect the presence of alcohol in the air inside the vehicle cabin.

While still in the developmental stage the concept of drink driving detectors being built into cars has generally been welcomed by many drivers.

Nissan said the technology is part of a project aimed at halving the number of fatalities (灾祸) and serious injuries in Nissan cars by 2015 compared to 2005 levels.

小题1:The detection system works _______________.

A.by detecting the smell of alcohol in the vehicle cabin

B.by measuring the volume of the alcohol in vehicle cabin

C.by detecting the weight of the school in the vehicle cabin

D.by using a car navigation system小题2:What do we know about the detection system?

A.The detection system is still in the developmental stage.

B.The new technology from Nissan has been introduced.

C.The driving detectors are being built into cars.

D.The system has already been used in some car companies.小题3:The driver’s attitude toward the detection system is that of _______________.

A.annoyance

B.welcome

C.unconcern

D.doubt小题4:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Nissan will release drink-proof cars.

B.Traffic accidents will be decreased.

C.A project halving the number of accidents.

D.A new odor detection system.

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