问题 问答题

试述影响经济行情变化的非周期性因素有哪些,并说明它们和经济行情的联系。

答案

参考答案:影响经济行情变化的非周期性因素有:
(1)长期因素。所谓长期因素,是指在相当长的时期内,能够引起一般经济活动或部门经济活动出现持续变化的因素。对第二次世界大战以后资本主义经济行情产生影响的长期因素主要有以下几个:
①政治局势的变化。
一般来说,和平的国际环境有利于经济的发展,而国际形势紧张则最终会阻碍各国经济和贸易的发展。但对特殊国家来讲,情况可能会完全相反。
②科学技术的发展。
科学技术以两种方式发展:一种是革命性的发展,若干领域几乎同时产生重大突破从而形成一种浪潮;另一种是改良型的发展,形成一般性的经常性的科技进步。科学技术的发展对经济发展产生推动作用,主要是指科学技术的成果通过在经济中大规模应用而产生的实际影响。
③经济结构的变化。
战后,在科技进步的推动下,西方发达国家的经济结构发生了重大变化。其主要表现有:第一,在工农业产值中,农业的比重进一步下降,工业占绝对地位;第二,在工业产值中,新兴工业迅速上升,传统工业则相对下降;第三,在全部国民生产总值中,物质部门的产值相对下降,而服务部门的产值则相对上升。
④国家垄断资本主义的发展。
国家垄断资本主义是资本主义发展的一个历史阶段。它的实质是,垄断资本和国家 * * 相结合,利用 * * 职能,对国民经济进行有利于垄断资本的干预。国家垄断资本主义是在对自由竞争资本主义扬弃的基础上,于第二次世界大战以后全面发展起来的。
⑤区域经济一体化趋势。
区域经济一体化对世界市场行情的影响是双重的。一方面,它能够促进区域内自由贸易的发展,扩大区域内的经济规模和市场,并能以一种联合的力量参与整个世界经济的发展;另一方面,它又具有对外相对封闭的条件和可能,容易主张贸易保护主义,损害区域外国家的经济利益,尤其是当经济普遍不景气的条件下,更容易滋生贸易保护主义,阻碍世界经济和贸易的发展。
(2)季节性因素。
生产的季节性使商品的供给呈现较大的起伏,造成价格的波动。它对世界市场行情的发展主要产生三方面的影响:①促进期货市场的发展。②促进该商品国际贸易的发展。③促进反季节性生产的发展。
(3)偶然性因素。
偶然性因素是指在短期内(一般不超过半年)出现的、变化频繁、难以估计,但对行情可能产生重大影响的因素。偶然性因素包括自然灾害、政治动乱、劳资纠纷、经济斗争乃至谣言等。它在短期内往往对行情的变化产生重大的影响,而长期内这种影响又趋于消失,因而是难以控制的,它对具体的经贸业务影响较大。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
     Harry's father bought a magazine which gave its readers information about all kinds of products and
helped them make the best choice while buying.
     Harry borrowed his father's magazine when he needed a new computer. "I'll read it and choose the
best one." He said.
      The magazine described these computers.
The DGT PC450
The BNK 975XF: AT $3, 200
The CGP 8PT

    This computer comes with
lots of good software. However it
does not have much memory and
is rather slow. At $2,850 it's not
very good value for money.

     This is the most expensive
computer we tested. However
it is also far the most reliable
(可靠的). It is very fast and has
lots of memory. It is worth the
extra money if you can afford it.

     At only $1, 900. It has lots
of money and is quite fast.
However it broke down twice
while we were testing it and
we cannot recommend (建议)
it for reliability.
     Harry chose the BNK 975XF. "I know it's expensive," he said, "but it will be with me for a long time
and do everything I want it to do."
1. Harry wants to buy a computer, so he borrowed ________ from his father.
A. a computer magazine
B. a magazine about all kinds of products
C. a shopping book
D. a book about all kinds of computers
2. ________ doesn't have much memory and is rather slow.
A. The DGT PC450
B. The BNK 975XF
C. The CGP 8PT
D. Harry's computer
3. The CGP 8PT is ________ among the three kinds of computers.
A. the fastest
B. the most expensive
C. the cheapest
D. the slowest
4. Harry chose the BNK 975XF because ________.
A. it is the most expensive
B. it has lots of good software
C. it has much memory
D. it would work for him for a long time
5. ________ helped Harry to choose the computer.
A. His father
B. His friend
C. The shopkeeper
D. The magazine
单项选择题