问题 问答题

1.2004年7月16日,记者从安徽省粮食局获悉,国务院七部委近日联合发文,合力清理粮食流通市场。2.2004年6月3日,在全国粮食局长会议上,国家粮食局局长聂振邦措辞严厉地指出,今年是全面推进粮食购销市场化改革的关键一年,更要加强粮食市场监管,维护正常的粮食市场流通秩序。3.我国市场粮价字2003年9月份上涨以来,2004年4月涨幅开始减缓,6月开始回落,三种粮食(小麦、玉米、稻谷)市场平均价环比下降0.3%,但同比仍上涨40%。其中小麦下降 0.2%,玉米下降0.3%。4.2004年2月以来,上海市场的大米价格受各种因素影响而有所上升,个别零售店因此出现了集中购买现象。对此,权威部门表示,上海的粮食供应是充足和稳定的。一方面,上海有足够的地方粮食储备,另一方面,市外采购也在按计划有序进行,良友集团负责人告诉记者,这几天本市粮食批发市场交易正常,从外省市调运粮食的进展也很顺利,几天内就将到货1.8万吨大米。此外,他们近日又采购了3万吨大米,保证市场供应没有问题。对目前个别零售门店因集中购买而出现短时脱销的情况,有关人士表示,这主要是因为配送来不及跟上。各大超市负责人均表示,他们将抽调力量,确保大米配送的各个环节更加顺畅。据物价部门昨天监测到的情况;本市大米零售价已连续几天稳定在每500克1.7~1.8元的水平上,前段时间的上涨势头得到了有效平抑,而批发市场上的价格近日还略有下调。对此番大米价格的上扬,物价部门分析认为,这是一种恢复性上升,是前几年粮食价格持续走低后的反弹,目前的价格水平并未达到历史高点。5.据广东省城调队价格调查资料显示:2004年春节后粮油批发市场的中低档米价格上涨了,其中稻谷、小麦比节前每吨上涨20~30元,比去年同期上升30%;春节前价位在0.7~0.9元/斤的东北珍珠米、早稻米、杂优米、三级米涨到了1.05~1.20元/斤;东北大米从去年的1. 1元/斤升到1.40元/斤。汕头的市场调查发现,该市粮价再次出现较大幅度上涨,其中标一普通大米价格从月初每公斤2.3元左右上升到2.7元左右,升幅高达17.4%,比去年同期上涨40%;丝苗米价格从每公斤3.6元上升到3.8元,升幅达5.6%,比去年同期上涨16%。“涨得太快了”,华南粮食批发中心有关人士称,“在半个月里面,小麦和稻谷每吨批发价上涨了 200元。目前,小麦每吨批发价维持在1700元左右,稻米则是1600元左右”。6.2004年3月6日,恩施市工商部门透露,该市粮食储运公司、粮油收储公司竟倒卖了 5872吨陈化粮,其中的200多吨陈化粮已加工成糙米和米粮流入市场。经查,2003年9月,恩施市粮食储运公司从华中粮食批发中心竞买到恩施市粮油收储公司的陈化粮6004吨,实际出库5872吨。当月26日和30日,恩施市粮食储运公司分别与湖北当阳楚田米业有限公司和恩施市三河饲料公司签订购销合同,销售陈化粮。同时,恩施市粮食储运公司还和恩施市部分乡镇收储站签订委托加工合同,将陈化粮加工成糙米和米糠分别销售。通过倒卖陈化粮,恩施市粮食储运公司、恩施市粮油收储公司分别获利32.85万元、3.13万元。目前,恩施市工商局已分别对恩施市粮食储运公司、恩施市粮油收储公司处罚10万元和3万元。7.2003年6月,粮食收购市场开始实行“两放开”政策,即全面放开粮食收购价格,不再按“保护价”收购余粮,实行随行就市收购;放开粮食购销市场,支持和鼓励包括个体粮商在内的各类经营者参与粮食收购和经营。8.在期货行业从业多年的林先生告诉记者,粮食企业可以通过反方向操作来固定成本。他举例说明,比如在1月份,国内小麦现货采购成本为1600元每吨左右,粮食企业预测未来小麦价格将保持涨势,决定为准备在6月份采购的10万吨小麦进行买人套期保值,锁定原料成本。为此,集团在3月份以1580~1630元每吨的价格买人了小麦7月和9月的合约共计1万手。进入6月,国内小麦价格涨到1700元每吨左右,期货价格也涨到了1700元以上。这样,粮食企业的盈利抵补了原料采购成本的增加,有效地规避了原料价格上涨的风险。9.广州有关部门官员认为,国内粮价水平目前仍比国际市场低,前一阶段的上涨属于恢复性上涨,目前还未达到1998年的粮价水平。“一斤靓米价格也只是在1.5元左右,与一瓶小支装的矿泉水价格相当。粮食生产需要农民付出许多劳动,播种、插秧、施肥……从商品属性来说,粮价如此低廉,这确实是不合理的。”10.根据国家统计局农调总队的调查,粮价每上涨1分钱,农民能多收获10元钱,且其中还不包括中间商的获利。目前60%~70%的农民仍是从种植业里获得收入,农副产品涨价有利于农民增加收入、扩大消费,对农民收入将产生直接的支持作用,这比其他任何补贴和投资都更为有利。如果农民收入得以实质性提高,农民消费就有可能成为消费增长的新因素,这很可能会成为中国经济持续快速发展的关键。此外,价格适度上涨,将改善生产和需求偏离的状况,有益于产业结构调整和资源最优配置,而这是行政命令难以实现的调整。11.国家信息中心经济预测部高级经济师祁京梅分析,2003年10月开始的粮价逆转引起人们的紧张心理,过去几年,中国一直在与粮价下跌进行斗争。她认为,这种紧张大可不必,因为价格不波动市场就是一潭死水;价格波动则可以引导产业结构和资源配置最优化。祁京梅预计,2004年中国粮价总体将会处于高位运行状态,粮价上涨仍有5%左右的空间,这将有利于粮农提高收入,刺激国内粮食生产。她估计,今年夏粮减产的趋势较为明显,但秋粮的种植面积预计能增加2700万亩,所以10月秋粮收购以后粮价将会有所下落,但幅度不会太大。12.据国家统计局对全国200个农产品主产县集贸市场的调查,2004年1月粮食价格走势已经趋稳。统计局2月16日公布的月度形势报告显示:与去年同期相比,1月籼稻、小麦、玉米和大豆价格分别上涨16.2%、18.1%、22.8%和29.5%;与2003年12月相比,小麦价格基本持平,玉米上涨0.9%,籼稻、粳稻分别上涨1.3%和2%,大豆价格上涨4%。13.中国国际期货公司的分析师李磊认为,引发粮价剧烈波动的原因主要有两个:一是粮食供应短缺局面在短期内难以改变,粮价将保持上涨趋势。在这种趋势下,国家库存下降、夏粮减产、新作物产量不明朗等不确定因素,也会使得粮价大幅波动成为可能。此外,购销市场放开后,粮食收购、加工、批发等多元化主体将纷纷进入粮食市场,这会导致尚未成熟的市场处于无序状态。而中国粮食市场价格应急机制还不完善,尤其是很多农产品还未推出期货产品,期货的预警作用无法体现。在这种情况下,粮价波动就会出现自我放大效应:当粮价上涨时,农民反而惜粮,粮食收购企业就会加紧收购,周而复始地促进粮价不断上涨;当粮价下降时,农民则加紧卖粮,粮价会周而复始地下跌。“一买都买,一卖都卖”的心理将导致粮价起伏剧烈。而当粮食价格上涨到一定幅度,将不可避免导致工、农业生产资料等商品价格上涨,一旦消费价格指数大幅提升,通货膨胀将成为可能。

根据上述材料,自选某一角度,自拟题目,写一篇1000字左右的文章。要求:联系实际,观点明确,条理清楚,语言流畅。

答案

参考答案:

阅读理解

“You are going abroad and will live there? Oh, wonderful! You are so lucky.”

Perhaps your family and friends said similar things to you when you left home. But is it true all the time? Is your life in the new country always wonderful and exciting?

Specialists say that it isn’t that easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” (冲击) is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. “There are three stages of culture shock,” say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers adapt to their surroundings and finally enjoy their life there.

Culture shock arises from many obvious factors. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems such as the telephone, post office, or transportation may be difficult to work out. Even the simplest things become headaches. Still worse, the language may be difficult.

Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new self­image.

Culture shock leads to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long term solutions to the problem of culture shock.

小题1:When people move to a new country, they ________.

A.find their new life always wonderful and exciting.

B.dislike the new surroundings from the beginning.

C.quickly get accustomed to the new culture there.

D.will get used to the new life with certain difficulty.小题2:Based on the passage, which of the following results from culture shock?

A.weather conditions and customs

B.public service and transportation

C.feeling homesick and disoriented

D.language communication issues小题3:According to the passage, the more successful you are at home, ________.

A.the fewer difficulties you will meet with abroad

B.the more problems you may have to face abroad

C.the greater success you are likely to make abroad

D.the less homesick you will eventually feel abroad小题4:Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

A.Cultural shock affects and surprises those who live in a new culture.

B.A new culture makes everything difficult except the simplest things.

C.Since culture shock is painful, we can never get over it completely.

D.Escaping by staying inside does solve the problem of culture shock.

单项选择题