问题 论述题

材料一:恩格斯指出: 在从笛卡尔到黑格尔和从霍布斯到费尔巴哈这一长时期内,推动哲学家前进的,决不像他们所想象的那样,只是纯粹思想的力量。恰恰相反,真正推动他们前进的,主要是自然科学和工业的强大而日益迅速的进步。

材料二:自然科学的发展也离不开哲学。从古迄今,没有哪一种科学知识体系不是实际上以某种哲学为指导的,也没有哪一个科学家不是实际上具有某种哲学信仰的,所不同的仅仅表现在自觉的程度上。

上述材料是怎样体现哲学与具体科学之间联系的?(12分)

答案

(1)具体科学是哲学的基础,具体科学的进步推动着哲学的发展。材料一中“真正推动他们前进的,主要是自然科学和工业的强大而日益迅速的进步”说明了这一点。

(2)哲学为具体科学提供世界观和方法论的指导。材料二中“没有哪一种科学知识体系不是实际上以某种哲学为指导的,也没有哪一个科学家不是实际上具有某种哲学信仰的,所不同的仅仅表现在自觉的程度上。”

本题以自然科学的发展也离不开哲学为背景,考查哲学与具体科学之间联系有关知识。确定了范围,然后从哲学与具体科学的联系两个方面加以回答。一方面:具体科学是哲学的基础,具体科学的进步推动着哲学的发展。另一方面:哲学为具体科学提供世界观和方法论的指导。,需要指出的是一定要把材料与原理结合起来。

判断题
阅读理解

(A)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Competition is great for kids, but it does have its dark side. 71 When this happens it takes the fun out of the activities they participate in. Kids need to keep a healthy attitude toward competitive activities and as parents it is our responsibility to let them know that it's not all about winning. 72

Kids under the age of ten usually lose interest if an activity is too competitive. A good idea for kids in this age group is to allow them to participate in competitive activities but without keeping score. Emphasize that the importance of the activity I to make new friends, have fun and learn about sportsmanship. 73

When kids enter middle school, competitive activities take on new meaning. Kids like to be recognized for their efforts and winning places them in the spotlight. 74. The unfortunate thing is that kids who lose constantly get discouraged and quit participating. They feel they can't accomplish their goals or meet the expectations of teachers and parents. This can lead to low self-esteem and discourage kids from trying their best. It's best to keep them participating in competitive activities even if they only do so in the backyard with a group of their friends.

As a parent, never put the emphasis on winning. 75. Give kids praise for doing their best whether they win or lose. This sends a positive message about putting forth their best effort.

A.Winning becomes more appealing.

B.Encourage young kids to win when he participates in a competition.

C.Getting angry or depressed when he loses.

D.The importance of participating in competitive activities is to have fun.

E.Some children become over-competitive and focus only on recognition and winning.

F.Rather, encourage kids to always give their best effort.

G.Encourage young kids to give their best effort and gain self-confidence.