问题 探究题

人类活动对生物圈造成了很多不利的影响:如煤的大量燃烧、机动车排放的尾气等

地球的生态环境日趋恶劣。某生物兴趣小组在实验室条件下设计了一个模拟酸雨对植物

影响的实验。

实验材料:用食醋和清水配制成的pH}4的模拟酸雨、清水、若干用清水浸泡过的大

豆种子、培养皿两个。

I.实验假设:模拟酸雨对____有影响。

II.实验过程:

(1)取两个培养皿并编号A和B,在A培养皿里放人若干用清水浸泡过的大豆种子,在B

培养皿里放人_____的用清水浸泡过的大豆种子。

(2)每天定时向A培养皿中喷洒一定量的_____,向B培养皿中喷洒等量的清水;

将两个培养皿都置于相同且适宜的环境中培养。

(3)定时观察A,B两培养皿中大豆种子萌发情况,并做好记录。

(4)分析数据,得出结论。

111.根据上述实验步骤,回答以下问题:

(1)实验中设置B培养皿的目的是____

(2)“保护环境,人人有责”。为减少酸雨对生态环境的破坏,请谈谈你的建议(写出一条即可)

________________________________________

答案

Ⅰ.大豆种子的萌发

Ⅱ.(1)等量

(2)模拟酸雨

Ⅲ.(1)对照(或形成对照)

(2)工业废气必须先处理再排放,减少对煤、石油等化石燃料的依赖,多植树造林等(答案合理即可给分)

题目分析:Ⅰ提出的问题要针对所要探究的问题来设计,该同学要探究的是酸雨对生物的影响,所选用的实验材料是种子和模拟酸雨,因此可以提出这样的问题:酸雨对种子的萌发有影响吗?根据问题,本实验可以作出这样的假设:酸雨对种子的萌发有影响。

Ⅱ(2)在研究一种条件对研究对象的影响时,所进行的除了这种条件不同以外,其它条件都相同的实验,叫对照实验,因此用等量的种子,若向B培养皿中喷洒的是清水,则向A培养皿中要喷洒等量的模拟酸雨,以形成对照。

Ⅲ(1)一组对照实验分为实验组和对照组,实验组是接受实验变量处理的对象组,对照组是不接受实验变量处理的对象组.因此实验中设计B培养皿的目的是形成对照。

(2)酸雨是指雨水被大气中存在的酸性气体污染的降水,酸雨主要是人为的向大气中排放大量酸性物质造成的,我国的酸雨主要是因大量燃烧含硫量高的煤而形成的,多为硫酸雨,少为硝酸雨,此外,各种机动车排放的尾气也是形成酸雨的重要原因,因此为减少酸雨对生态环境的破坏,应该做到:工业生产排放气体处理后再排放,少开车,多乘坐公共交通工具出行,使用天然气等较清洁能源,少用煤等。

点评:此题通过模拟实验探究了环境污染对生物的危害,酸雨的形成是人类活动对环境的影响,我们要有环境意识,在生活过程中减少对环境的污染。

完形填空
完形填空:
     A little boy invites his mother to his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's disappointment,
she said she would   1  . This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher   2   his mother and he felt
ashamed (羞愧) of what she looked like.   3   she was a beautiful woman, there was a deep scar (伤痕)
that covered the whole right side of her face. The boy never wanted to   4   why or how she got the scar.
     At the meeting, everyone was impressed by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother in spite of the scar,
but the little boy still felt uncomfortable and   5   himself from everyone's view (视野). However, he could hear
the   6   between his mother and his teacher. The teacher asked   7  , "How did you get the scar on your face?"
The mother replied, "  8   my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was   9   afraid to go
in because the fire was terrible, so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a long  10   of wood
coming down and I placed myself over him trying to   11   him from hurt. I was knocked down, but luckily, a
fireman came in and saved   12   of us." She said slowly, "This scar will be   13  , but until now, I have never
felt sorry for what I did." 
     At this point, the little boy came out running towards his mother with tears in his eyes. This was his first time
to hear the story. He   14   her in arms and felt the great   15   from his mother.
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(     ) 3. A. Because    
(     ) 4. A. tell about 
(     ) 5. A. enjoyed    
(     ) 6. A. voice      
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(     ) 8. A. As         
(     ) 9. A. so         
(     ) 10. A. bit        
(     ) 11. A. keep       
(     ) 12. A. both       
(     ) 13. A. leaving    
(     ) 14. A. pushed     
( ) 15. A. thank      
B. talk         
B. looked at     
B. Though        
B. think about   
B. helped        
B. talk          
B. happily       
B. When          
B. much          
B. pair          
B. make          
B. either        
B. changing          
B. held          
B. pride       
C. go           
C. watched     
C. So            
C. worry about   
C. hid           
C. speech        
C. loudly       
C. Since         
C. quite         
C. piece         
C. help          
C. all           
C. missing            
C. put         
C. sadness     
D. work          
D. found          
D. But            
D. know about     
D. taught         
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D. Until          
D. too            
D. kind           
D. save           
D. several               
D. lasting        
D. closed         
D. love         
问答题 简答题