问题 阅读理解与欣赏

先生不知何许人也,亦不详其姓字,宅边有五柳树,因以为号焉。闲静少言,不慕荣利。好读书,不求甚解;每有会意,便欣然忘食。性嗜酒,家贫不能常得,亲旧知其如此,或置酒而招之;造饮辄尽,期在必醉。既醉而退,曾不吝情去留。环堵萧然,不蔽风日;短褐穿结,簟瓢屡空,晏如也。常著文章自娱,颇示己志。忘怀得失,以此自终。

赞曰:黔娄之妻有言:“不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。”其言兹若人之俦乎?衔觞赋诗,以乐其志。无怀氏之民欤?葛天氏之民欤?”

余幼时即嗜学。贫,无从致书以观,每假借于藏书之家 ,手自笔录,计日以还。天大寒,砚冰坚,手指不可屈伸,弗之怠。录毕,走送之,不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余,余因得遍观群书。既加冠,益慕圣贤之道。又患无砚师名人与游,尝趋百里外,从乡之先达执经叩问。先达德隆望尊,门人弟子填其室,未尝稍降辞色。余立侍左右,援疑质理,俯身倾耳以请;或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复;俟其欣悦,则又请焉。故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。                                

小题1:解释文段中加点词的意思。(4分)

①造饮辄尽   ②晏如也   ③援疑质理    ④俟其欣悦

小题2:找出下列各组加点词意思不同的一项:(    )。(3分)

A.以是人多以书假余以中有足乐者

B.无怀氏之民欤益慕圣贤之道

C.故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。故虽有名马,祗辱于奴隶人之手

D.每假借于藏书之家不戚戚于贫贱小题3:把文段中划线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(4分)

①不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。②或遇其叱咄,色愈恭,礼愈至,不敢出一言以复。

小题4:两个文段中的主人公在志趣上有什么相同的地方?在读书的方式和目的上,不同之处是什么?(3分)

答案

小题1:(4分)①往、到 ②安然自若的样子 ③引、提出  ④等到

小题2:D。(3分)

小题3:(4分)①不为贫贱而忧愁,不热衷于发财做官。②有时遇到他斥责,(我的)表情更加恭顺,礼节更加周到,一句话不敢回答。

小题4:(3分)相同:都非常喜欢读书。不同:前者读书“不求甚解”,求“会意”,目的是“自娱”;后者借书、抄书、求师,     目的是“观群书”、求上进。

小题1:

题目分析:先要大致了解文章内容,弄清句子的意思,根据句意和对文言常用词的掌握来判断字词义。解释时要注意辨析词义和用法的变化,根据语境判断字词义。

小题2:

题目分析:先要大致了解全文内容,弄清各句中字词的意思,然后根据自己对文言常用词的掌握来判断各项中字义,注意辨析词义和用法的变化,进行比较。可用排除法,将明显不符合答案的项先行排除,A项中“以”皆为“因”,B项中“之”皆为“的”,C项中“故”皆为“所以”,故选D。

小题3:

题目分析:疏通全文,在全文语境中大致了解句子的意思,解释清楚关键词语“戚戚”“汲汲”“叱咄”“色”“复”,最后疏通句子。所学课文,做过翻译练习要加强记忆,可直接写出译句。

小题4:

题目分析:从两人的爱好来概括相同点,从两文中找到有关读书目的和方式的内容概括即可。

阅读理解

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第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分;共40分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Several interesting American museums tell about health subjects. One is the Doctor Samuel D. Harris National Museum of Dentistry. It is at the University of Maryland in Baltimore. That is where the first college in the world to train dentists began. The museum tells about the history of the medical treatment of teeth. Visitors can see some frightening devices that once were used to remove infected teeth. They also can see sets of teeth made of animal bone. They were made for a famous American —— the first President, George Washington.

Most people do not consider a visit to the dentist their idea of a good time. However, the director of the museum says he wants to make the museum a funny place to visit. He says he also wants to teach visitors about the importance of taking care of their teeth.

Another museum collects devices that help people hear. The Kenneth W. Berger Hearing Aid Museum is at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. The museum has more than three-thousand hearing aids from around the world. They include old and strange devices. Some hearing aids were made to look like other objects. That is because in the past many people did not want anyone to know they were wearing a hearing aid.

56. It is common for people to think it uneasy to pay a visit to ____.

A. the University of Maryland            B. the Museum of Dentistry

C. the Hearing Aid Museum              D. the dentist

57. The text mainly tells about _____.

A. museums in the US               B. interesting American museums

C. American museums with health subjects

D. the history of the medical treatment of teeth

58. What do we learn about George Washington from the text?

A. He once visited the National Museum of Dentistry.

B. He considered the Museum of Dentistry a fun place to visit

C. His artificial (人造的) teeth were collected in the National Museum of Dentistry.

D. His teeth seemed to be made of animal bone.

59. The underlined word “devices” in the first and last paragraph probably means _____.

A. ways        B. strategies        C. tools          D. desires

选择题