问题 问答题 案例分析题

病历摘要:肾结石患者,女性,50岁。腰痛1个月。查体:心、肺(-),腹平软,无压痛,腰部叩击痛。行腰椎正侧位检查。

鉴别诊断有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

1.胆囊结石:中年肥胖女性多见,临床症状与结石的大小.位置以及胆囊管有无梗阻和并发症的轻重等因素有关。X线平片可发现阳性结石,进占全部胆囊结石的10%~20%,表现为右上腹胆囊区域的高密度影,常为环状,侧位片位于脊柱前方。

2.髓质海绵肾:X片主要表现为双肾区多发小结石,数毫米大小,在 * * 区呈从状排列。排泄性尿路造影可见肾小管扩大呈葡萄串样.扇形或花朵样自肾盏向髓质呈放射状排列,多个小结石即包含于此影之中。肾盏可稍扩大。

3.肾钙质沉着症:双肾实质内见多个高密度钙化充填锥体内,呈扇形排列,双肾窦未见分离。

完形填空

三.完形填空 (20分)

How often do you change your hairstyle or ask for new dresses? You may be   31  to follow trends(潮流)in Western countries, but young people in the United States don’t care as much about

32  as you do.

A recent survey(调查) among high school   33  in China, Japan, South Korea and the US found that   34   teenagers care more about their appearance than young people in the US.

This survey was held in 156 high schools in the four countries. More than 7,000 teenagers were

35  about their views on life and the world. South Koreans, at 83 per cent, cared most about their looks. They were   36   by the Chinese and Japanese, while US students showed the least interest in fashion at only 33 per cent.

“The different results show  37   of cultural background(背景),” said Sun Yunxiao from the China Youth and Children Research Centre. He explained that in the US there are many different 38  of beauty, so teens are more   39  to be confident about their appearance.

US teenagers’ high self-confidence is displayed(展示) in the   40 . About 85 per cent are happy with themselves. The percentage of self-confident Chinese students stands at only 30 per cent.

What’s   41 , US students showed more individuality(个性), with 88 per cent   42   that “people should follow their own interests rather than   43  of others”. This is much   44  than South Korea’s 69 per cent, China’s 49 and Japan’s 48.

Japanese students, at 52 per cent, are most dissatisfied with modern society. Chinese and Koreans follow at second and  45  most dissatisfied.

“ 46  to the survey, Chinese students are happy and disciplined (有纪律的). They have a strong wish to make a difference.  47  Chinese students need to be more independent and learn how to relax,” said Sun.

The students have different  48   backgrounds. But home and places where friends gather are the favorite places all teens seek happiness.

Exams and worries about life after graduation cause much 49  among most of the teens

50  for the survey.

31. A. absorbed            B. willing                 C. careless            D. unhappy

32. A. hairstyle                  B. dresses                    C. fashion                 D. culture

33. A. teachers           B. students           C. citizens                 D. colleagues

34. A. Asian                      B. American           C. African            D. Western

35. A. answered            B. requested           C. persuaded          D. questioned

36. A. followed            B. decreased            C. reduced           D. compared

37. A. relations             B. barriers           C. customs          D. differences

38. A. awareness           B. Standards         C. Consciences         D. expenses

39. A. admirable           B. confused           C. likely             D. unbelievable

40. A. survey               B. setting             C. reference            D. paper

41. A. worse               B. better              C. less                       D. more

42. A. disagreeing          B. observing           C. agreeing          D. puzzling

43. A. those               B. that                C. it                D. One

44. A. lower              B. larger              C. smaller           D. higher

45. A. first                B. third               C. fourth                   D. last

46. A. leading              B. devoting            C. Appealing           D. According

47. A. But                 B. And               C. So               D. Or

48. A. political            B. cultural            C. Economical         D. commercial

49. A. expectation         B. hesitation          C. Concern           D. Ambition

50. A. interviewed         B. advised            C. Overlooked         D. invested

名词解释