问题 问答题

下图是实验室常见的制取气体的装置:

(1)写出仪器名称:②______;③______;④______.

(2)实验室采用装置A制取氧气时,其试管中应放的药品是______,试管口还要放一团棉花,目的是______,该反应的化学表达式是______.

(3)实验室制取氧气的过程,大致分为以下六个主要操作:①点燃酒精灯,给试管加热; ②熄灭酒精灯; ③检查装置的气密性; ④将高锰酸钾装入试管里,试管口放一小团棉花,用带导管的胶塞塞紧,并将它固定在铁架台上;⑤用排水法收集氧气;⑥将导管从水面下取出.正确的操作顺序是______.

(4)采用装置B制取氧气时,其试管中应放的药品是______,所发生反应的化学表达式是_______.

(5)收集氧气可以选择装置______,原因是______.检验氧气是否集满的方法是:______.

(6)做铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验之前,先要在集气瓶底放少量水或铺沙的目的是:______.

答案

(1)识别一些常见仪器,故答案为:②酒精灯;③集气瓶;④水槽.

(2)装置A属于固体和固体加热制气体,结合题目信息可知,应该选用高锰酸钾制氧气.放棉花的目的是防止高锰酸钾粉末随气流进入导管.故答案为:高锰酸钾,防止高锰酸钾粉末进入导管,2KMnO4

 加热 
.
 
K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑.

(3)检查气密性是有气体生成的反应的第一步,防止气体的泄露;最后先撤导管,再撤酒精灯,目的是防止倒吸.

故答案为:③④①⑤⑥②.

(4)装置B属于固体和液体不加热制气体,结合氧气的实验室制法可知,双氧水制氧气符合条件.故答案为:

H2O2和MnO2,2H2O2

 MnO2 
.
 
2H2O+O2↑.

(5)根据收集装置的选择条件,氧气不溶于水,可以采用排水法收集;氧气密度比空气大,可以采用向上排空气法收集;氧气支持燃烧,能够使带火星的木条复燃.故答案为:C或D,氧气不易溶于水,密度比空气大.将一只带火星的木条伸到集气瓶口,如果小木条复燃则证明氧气集满了.

(6)铁的燃烧伴随大量的发光和发热现象,高温四氧化三铁能造成瓶底炸裂,故答案为:防止热的生成物溅落瓶底将瓶底炸裂.

阅读理解

My house is made of wood, glass and stone. It is also made of software.

If you come to visit, you'll probably be surprised when you come in: Someone will give you an electronic PIN to wear. The PIN tells the house who you are and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it's dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights near you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you, too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it for you. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.

Of course, you are also able to want something. There is a home control console (控制台) which is a small machine that turns things on and off around you.

The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you the key to my car, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the key. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.

I believe that in ten years from now, most new houses will have the systems that I've put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I've got.

I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others'. But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, ”How did I live without them?”

小题1:The writer’s house is made of the following EXCEPT_________.

A.bamboo

B.wood

C.glass

D.software小题2:What is the writer most likely to be according to the passage?

A.An IT expert.

B.A famous doctor.

C.A sportsman.

D.An experienced teacher.小题3:The writer's new house is different from ordinary ones mainly because______________.

A.it has your favorite music following you

B.you can make a telephone call anywhere

C.the writer is able to change his new idea into practice

D.it is controlled by computers小题4:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.How to develop a new system.

B.The function of the PIN.

C.How great the computers are.

D.Easy life in the future.

单项选择题