问题 填空题

煤是社会生产、生活中最重要的能源,工业上常把煤进行气化和液化处理,使煤变成清洁能源。煤气化和液化流程示意图如下:

(1)第①步操作发生的是             (填“物理”或“化学”)变化。

(2) 第②步是精炼煤与水蒸气的反应,化学方程式为                              

(3)第③步反应的基本类型属于                                

(4) 含硫化合物洗液经过提炼后,可用来制硫酸,过程是:含硫化合物氧化得到SO2, SO2进一步氧化得到X, X与水反应得到H2SO4,则X的化学式为               

(5)从“绿色化学”的角度分析,“煤的汽化和煤的液化”生产流程的优点             

                                                                 

答案

(1)物理(2) C+H2O(气)CO+H2    (3)化合反应    

(4)SO3 (5)原料全部被产品消纳(或原料全部转化为产品,或原子利用率100%等),实现“零排放”(或不对环境造成污染等)

分析:(1)利用两种变化的概念分析解决.

(2)煤的主要成分是碳与水反应生成一氧化碳与氢气.

(3)利用各种反应类型的定义解决.

(4)利用信息结合酸酐的性质解决.

(5)绿色化学主要是考虑完全转化等方面的问题.

解:(1)该过程没有新的物质生成,只是简单的分离,是物理变化.

故答案为:物理.

(2)煤的主要成分是碳与水反应生成一氧化碳与氢气,再依据方程式的书写规律解决.

故答案为:C+H2O(气)CO+H

(3)该过程中反应物是两种,生成物是一种,符合化合反应的特点.

故答案为:化合

(4)二氧化硫再次氧化可生成三氧化硫,与水反应会生成硫酸.

故答案为:SO3

(5)绿色化学主要主要是指反应时反应物全部会转化成生成物,同时实现无排放的过程.

故答案为:原料全部被产品消纳(或原料全部转化为产品,或原子利用率100%等),实现“零排放”(或不对环境造成污染等)

点评:此题是对煤的使用的探讨,解决的重点是能够对煤的具体使用以及环保绿色化学的认识,属基础性知识考查题

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     "Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particular good teacher." You might think that

Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a

professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March

(possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to

do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.

     He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:"

Experience is respected; experience is sought;experience is explained." The problem is that learning from

experience involves (涉及) serious complications (复杂化), ones that are part of the nature of experience

itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

     In one interesting part of book, for example, he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most

effective way of experiential learning. He says "The more accurately (精确的) reality is presented, the less

understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is."

     Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the

depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding; Don't

pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience

in work and life.

1. According to the text, James March is ______.

A. a poet who uses experience in his writing

B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university

C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

D. a professor who helps organizations makes important decisions

2. According to James March, experience ______.

A. is overvalued

B. is easy to explain

C. should be actively sought

D. should be useless

3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. Experience makes stories more accurate.

B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

4. What's the purpose of this text?

A. To introduce a book.

B. To describe a researcher.

C. To explain experiential learning.

D. To discuss organizational decision making.

单项选择题 共用题干题