问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面这首宋词,完成下题。

天仙子张先

《水调》数声持酒听,午醉醒来愁未醒。送春春去几时回?临晚镜,伤流景,往事后期空记省。沙上并禽池上暝,云破月来花弄影。重重帘幕密遮灯,风不定,人初静,明日落红应满径。

注释:约宋仁宗庆历元年张先作此词,其时词人约五十二岁,任嘉禾判官。

(1)“云破月来花弄影”一句,王国维评其“着一‘弄’字而境界全出矣”。请赏析“弄”字妙处。(5分)

(2)这首词表达了作者什么感情?是怎样抒发的?请结合全词简析。(6分)

答案

(1)“弄”运用拟人;/指花影舞动,写出云散月出,夜晚风起,吹动花儿,月下花影摇曳;/形象地写出花影的动态之美。本词表达了作者惜花伤春之愁、时光流逝之叹。(2分)(2)上片追问春去几时回、对流景之伤直接抒发时光如水般流逝的伤感;(2分)下片情景交融(借景抒情),月夜风起,担心花被摧残、落红满径,突出惜花伤春之情。(2分)

(1)第一题考查诗歌的炼字。答题步骤:解释该字的含义;把该字带回原诗描摹;最后注明炼字的作用效果和表达的情感。

(2)第二题考查的是诗歌情感。答题步骤:点明情感(盖帽);结合诗歌说明为什么是此种情感。(这首词的上片写伤春之情。词人把酒听歌,所听之歌为水调歌。此歌是隋汤帝凿汴河时所制,其声韵悲切。词人把酒听歌意在消愁,结果却酒醒愁未醒。由此看来,词人伤春为表,伤已才是里。春去尚有回归日,而大好青春却一去无返机了。“几时回”,实际上是“伤己”之余的自问了。向晚临镜自照,青丝变白发,又怎能不渐生华年飞逝的怅惘之情呢?最终发出了往事不堪回首万事皆成空的慨叹!

下片描绘了庭院池塘之景,并借以烘托伤春伤己之情。前两句写所见,鸟儿成双是爱情和美满的象征。“瞑”是暮色,与上片的“午醉”相照应,交待了时间的推移,足见词人惜春恋春之情。“云破月来花弄影”,是千古传诵的名句,一个“弄”字写活了月下之“花”,尽显拟人之妙处。但是,更重要的是这个“影”字,这才是词中的“词眼”,是这首词中美学境界的焦点之所在。春之将去,残花尚且顾影自怜,对这美好的大自然充满了眷恋之情。这能不引起词人的思考吗?帘幕重重,灯影朦胧,人渐静而“风不定”。其中的“风”字又是本片中的关键词,是贯穿整个下片的。因为“风”起春寒,鸟儿才紧紧依偎;因为“风”散浮云,月亮才得以重现;因为“风”起,残花月下始弄“影”;因为“风”起,词人才猜想“明日落红应满径”。终篇“落红”与开篇的伤春前后呼应,使上情下景,浑然一体。)

第二问考查的是抒情的手法。抒情手法分为直接抒情和间接抒情两种。其中间接抒情包括借景抒情,借事抒情,借古抒情,移情入景,情景交融等。

阅读理解

Tales From Animal Hospital

David Grant

David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of animal Hospital. Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery(外科手术).  Tales from animal hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake! £14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster

ISBN 0751304417

Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer

Michael White

From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science, comes this colourful description of the world’s first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact. Michael White’s learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic(魔术)ended and science began.

£18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate

ISBN 1857024168

Fermat’s Last Theorem

Simon Singh

In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem; Fermat’s Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffledand beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effort over three centuries, Fermat’s Last Theorem will delight specialists and general readers alike.

£12.99 Hardback 384pp Fourth Estate

ISBN 1857025210

63.What is Animal Hospital?

A.A news story    B.A popular book.      C.A research report.    D.A TV programme.

64.In Michael White’s book, Newton is described as _____________.

A.a person who did not look the same as in many pictures

B.a person who loved a colourful and meaningful life

C.a great but not perfect man

D.an old-time magician

65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

A.To encourage people to raise question.

B.To cause difficulty in understanding.

C.To provide a person with an explanation.

D.To limit people’s imagination.

66.The person who finally proved Fermat’s last Theorem is ___________.

A.Simon Singh                  B.Andrew Wiles

C.Pierre Fermat                 D.a French woman scientist

67.What is the purpose of writing these three texts?

A.To make the books easier to read.          B.To show the importance of science.

C.To introduce new authors.                 D.To sell the books.

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