问题 实验题

天然气作为燃料已进入千家万户,其主要成分是 CH4 (填化学式).它在空气中完全燃烧生成CO2和H2O.如果它不完全燃烧会生成什么物质呢?某研究性学习小组对此展开深究.

【提出猜想】生成物中一定有(填化学式),可能有CO2和CO.

【实验探究】该小组同学生成的混合气体,依次通过如图所示的装置,验证猜想.

【现象与结论】

(1)观察到A中,证明混合气体中含有CO2

(2)C中浓硫酸的作用是             

(3)观察到D中粉末由黑色变成    色,证明混合气中含有CO,该反应的化学方程式为:                        

【交流讨论】(4)小武认为:从E装置中澄清石灰水变浑浊也能推断出混合气中有一氧化碳,那么B中NaOH溶液的作用是            

(5)小文则提出:从环保的角度看,此装置有一个不足之处,你认为是           

答案

CH4

【提出猜想】H2O;

【现象与结论】(1)澄清石灰水变浑浊;

(2)吸收水蒸气;

(3)红;CuO+COCu+CO2

【交流讨论】(4)吸收CO2

(5)未处理尾气中的CO.

题目分析:天然气作为燃料已进入千家万户,其主要成分是甲烷,化学式为CH4

【提出猜想】生成物中一定有水;

【现象与结论】(1)二氧化碳能使澄清石灰水变浑浊,所以观察到A中澄清石灰水变浑浊,证明混合气体中含有CO2

(2)浓硫酸具有吸水性,所以C中浓硫酸的作用是吸收水蒸气;

(3)一氧化碳和氧化铜反应生成铜和二氧化碳,所以观察到D中粉末由黑色变成红色,证明混合气中含有CO,该反应的化学方程式为CuO+COCu+CO2

【交流讨论】(4)B中NaOH溶液的作用是吸收CO2

(5)一氧化碳有毒,所以从环保的角度看,此装置有一个不足之处,是未处理尾气中的CO.

点评:本题主要考查了一氧化碳的检验方法和气体的除杂方法,难度适中,要从物质的性质入手进行解答.

问答题

People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. (46) Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
(47)The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. (48) Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.
(49)Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. (50)Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

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