问题 单项选择题 B型题

时间因素 ()

A.在健康教育计划执行过程中发生的对目标人群产生影响的事件

B.测量者的态度和行为使目标人群受到暗示

C.由于偶然因素,个别被测试对象的某特征水平过高或过低

D.在评价阶段如果干预组和对照组选择不均衡,可引起选择偏倚

E.健康教育项目使用问卷的有效性和准确性

答案

参考答案:A

解析:1.时间因素又称历史因素。是指在健康教育计划执行过程中发生的重大的、可能对目标人群产生影响的事件,如与健康相关的公共政策的颁布、重大生活条件的改变、自然灾害或社会灾害等。2.测量者因素:在评价过程中,测试这本身的态度、工作人员对有关知识和技能的熟练程度、测量工具的有效性和准确性及目标人群的成熟型对评价结果的正确性均有影响。测量者的态度和行为使目标人群受到暗示,并按照测量者的希望进行表现。3.回归因素是指由于偶然因素,个别被测试对象的某特征水平过高或过低,但在以后的测试中可能会恢复到原有的实际水平的现象。4.选择因素在评价阶段,如果干预和对照组选择不均衡,可引起选择偏倚,从而影响观察结果的正确性。但在评价中,可以通过随机化或配对选择的方法防止或减少选择偏倚对评价结果正确性的影响。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly

mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle

often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that

over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so

much material home in the first place.

    The total amount of packaging has increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a

third of a typical household's waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged

twice with plastic and cardboard.

    Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out

of it for burying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go

on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not

to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets

encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, few of them are coming round to the idea

that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. 

     But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging

with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it is also applied to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.

     There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collected. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.

1. What does the underlined phrase "that over-consumption" refer to?

A. Using too much packaging.          

B. Recycling too many wastes. 

C. Making more products than necessary.  

D. Having more material than is needed.

2. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ___________. 

A. the tendency of cutting household waste    

B. the increase of packaging recycling

C. the rapid growth of supermarkets            

D. the fact of packaging overuse

3. According to the text, recycling ___________. 

A. helps control the greenhouse effect        

B. means burning packaging for energy

C. is the solution to gas shortage              

D. leads to a waste of land

4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.  

B. Supermarkets care more about packaging. 

C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging. 

D. Other products are better packaged than food.

5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.      

B. Needless material is mostly recycled. 

C. People like collecting recyclable wastes. 

D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.

多项选择题