问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面这首唐诗,完成14~15题。(11分)

陇头吟

王维

长安少年游侠客,夜上戍楼看太白。

陇头明月迥临关,陇上行人夜吹笛。

关西老将不胜愁,驻马听之双泪流。

身经大小百余战,麾下偏裨万户侯。

苏武才为典属国,节旄落尽海西头

【注】 “太白”指太白星,在古人眼中太白为主征战杀伐之星。“典属国”指掌管归附的少数民族事务的官,品阶不高。

小题1:简要概括此诗典型人物的三个典型生活场景,并简要分析它们之间的内在联系。(5分)

小题2:这首诗是怎样表达思想感情的?结合诗句具体分析。(6分)

答案

小题1:长安少年戍楼看星、陇上行人月夜吹笛、关西老将驻马流泪。(3分)三个生活场景是边关战士一生历程的缩影:少年渴望建功立业、青年在笛声中吞咽痛苦、老年沉沦边疆掌管少数民族事务。(2分)

小题2:①用对比手法(反衬)。开篇长安少年戍楼看星,写出其雄心满情,渴望效命边关、建功立业之豪情,格调昂扬;陇上行人月夜吹笛、关西老将驻马流泪,写出人物之艰苦悲伤、忧愁满怀,与上文构成转折,形成鲜明的对比。这样写更鲜明抒发了对边地生活艰辛而朝廷赏罚不公的慨叹,言近旨远,发人深省。(手法名称,结合诗句解释、所表达的思想感情各2分;分析对比,也可以是“麾下偏裨万户侯”与“驻马听之双泪流”的关西老将形成鲜明对比,副将封侯,身经百战的老将沉沦却依然沉沦边关,突出了对朝廷赏罚不公的感慨。)

②用了用典(类比)的手法。尾联用了苏武的典故,苏武出使匈奴被留多年,以致符节上的旄繐都落尽了,如此尽忠报国,也不过做了个典属国那样的小官。尾联看似安慰关西老将,实际上将苏武与关西老将类比,说明朝廷不公,功臣得不到封赏古来如此。从而深化了诗的主题。

小题1:

题目分析:

在十句诗中,作者把长安少年、陇上行人、关西老将这三种类型的人物,戍楼看星、月夜吹笛、驻马流泪这三个不同的生活场景,巧妙地集中在一起,自然而然地形成了鲜明的对照。这就很容易使人联想到:今日的长安少年,安知不是明日的陇上行人,后日的关西老将?而今日的关西老将,又安知不是昨日的陇上行人,前日的长安少年?诗的主旨是发人深省的。

小题2:

题目分析:由诗歌尾联来看,本诗主要运用了借典的表现手法,以苏武进行类比,借古讽今,表达主题。

单项选择题

The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator. "
In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…
What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially cooled space inside an artificially heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges

A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.
B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.
C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.

多项选择题