问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的一首宋词,回答问题。(8分)

鹧鸪天 时谪黄州

苏轼

林断山明竹隐墙,乱蝉衰草小池塘。翻空白鸟时时现,照水红蕖细细香。

村舍外,古城旁。杖藜徐步转斜阳。殷勤昨夜三更雨,又得浮生一日凉。

小题1:请简要分析上阕三四两句的景物描写在写法上的特点。(4分)

小题2:“殷勤昨夜三更雨,又得浮生一日凉”用了什么修辞手法?这两句表达了作者怎样的思想感情?(4分)

答案

小题1:(1)从视觉和嗅觉写景,(2分)将空中与地上两组景象描绘得有色有香,有动有静。(2分)

小题2:(2)拟人;(1分)“二更雨”“殷勤”,使雨具有了人的情意。(1分)殷勤的夜雨解脱了人世的烦热,表现了诗人在人自然的抚慰中的平静和旷达,(1分)也暗示了诗人贬官黄州时内心的不平和无奈。(1分)

小题1:

题目分析:这首词作于元丰六年(1083年),时苏轼在黄州。描绘了一幅夏日雨后的农村小景。开首“林断山明竹隐墙,乱蝉衰草小池塘”,连用林、山、竹、墙、蝉、草、池塘七种典型意象描写了夏日雨后的景物,给人以密不透风之感。最后以“翻空白鸟”与“照水红蕖”相对,一个诉诸视觉:“时时现”;一个诉诸嗅觉:“细细香”。动静结合写出了空中与地上的两组景象,充满了诗情画意。

小题2:

题目分析:下阕写散步。江村小景绘好之后,视角则陡然一转,步入画中:“村舍外,古城旁,杖藜徐步转斜阳”。通过作者的外部形象显示其内心世界。最后两句乃点睛之笔,“殷勤”二字是拟人化手法,含有自嘲的辛酸和词人的感慨,“又得浮生一日凉”则又更进一层,超出世表。

解答题
单项选择题

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (91) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (92) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (93) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (94) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (95) as a rejection of middle, class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (96) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (97) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (98) to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (99) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (100) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (101) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (102) lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also (103) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (104) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (105) was common in the traditional family (106) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (107) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (108) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (109) of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (110) a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

A.interaction

B.assimilation

C.cooperation

D.consultation