问题 问答题 论述题

评述塔西佗的史学成就。

答案

参考答案:塔西佗是古罗马最伟大的历史学家,他著作甚丰,有《演说家对话录》《日耳曼尼亚志》《阿古利可拉传》《历史》《编年史》。

他的史学思想:

①反对暴政,他的代表作《历史》《编年史》尤其体现了这种反对暴政的主题思想,他向往罗马共和国时期的自由思想。

②.歌颂共和。在思想上,塔西佗倾向于共和时代的贵族专政,尤其向往这个制度下元老贵族的高贵地位和自由生活。

③.痛恨暴君,他谴责帝王的昏庸与残暴,塔西佗的著作像一面镜子,照见了一切专制独裁者的丑恶嘴脸。

局限性:

①.对帝制的全盘否定。

②.军事知识极差,内容较为狭窄。

③.在说的事件发生的原因时局限于人的内心世界。

④.在史学价值论上,塔西佗强调历史的社会功能,认为历史的生命是恒久的。

⑤.保持严肃史家实事求是的尊严,第一个提出客观主义治史原则,把曲折发展的罗马史学和拉丁史学推到高峰。

⑥.他把史学当作善恶扬善,警惕世人的有力武器,揭露罗马统治阶级上层的腐败与丑恶。

论述题
阅读理解

Think of London and you will probably remember the bright red double-decker buses. Think of Thailand’s capital city, Bangkok, and the noisy tuk-tuks may come to mind. Think of San Francisco and you might see the city’s cable cars.

Imagining what these cities would look like without those is difficult. They are symbols of these cities that make them different. However, these city symbols are not always so well loved by their city leaders. City leaders want what is best for their city, which often means the most modern transport.

In Bangkok, city leaders have banned(禁止)tuk-tuks because they consider them noisy and polluting. However, the ban has largely been unsuccessful as it has not changed Thai people’s love for the cheap tuk-tuks over taxis.

In London the city’s first ever mayor(市长)removed the red double-decker buses, which he thought were old fashioned. His plan worked, but Londoners were unhappy to lose the nice old buses they believed represented the best of their city. They made their unhappiness felt when the mayor came up for re-election. Most Londoners voted for his competitor, who promised to bring the bus back.

As for San Francisco, several cable cars are still in use but mainly as tourist attractions. They are too slow to be used for anything other than scenic trips.

City transport symbols may have a place in their city people’s hearts, but it seems they are increasingly out of step with the modern world. As Londoners have proved, their continued life depends on people’s willingness to fight for their survival.

小题1: What’s the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph?

A.To introduce some city transport symbols.

B.To explain why some cities are popular.

C.To talk about modern transport in some cities.

D.To attract more tourists to visit some cities.小题2:The London double-decker bus is returning mainly because   .

A.the new mayor loves it

B.Londoners fought for it

C.it is an improved transport

D.it is popular with tourists小题3: Which proves the old city transport symbols are not loved by city leaders?

A.Only a few cable cars are still in use in San Francisco.

B.Bangkok city leaders tried to remove the cheap tuk-tuks.

C.The mayor who sold double-decker buses lost the re-election.

D.The new mayor will bring back improved double-decker buses.小题4: What can we infer from the passage?

A.Modern cities should remove old city transport symbols.

B.The writer thinks highly of the old city transport symbols.

C.Old city transport symbols face the problem of survival.

D.Tourist cities will lose their attraction without the symbols.