问题 选择题

伦敦奥运会上,林丹遭遇了近乎无法度过的难关,似乎胜利的天平已经倒向对手。但他一点点把劣势扳平,又逐步确立优势,最终把优势化为胜利,成功卫冕,为国争光。林丹的赛场经历启示我们

①要经历逆境才能不断走向成功        ②要积极发扬自强不息的民族精神

③要坚信事物发展的前途是光明的      ④要不断追求更高的思想道德目标

A.①③  

B.①④

C.②③ 

D.②④

答案

答案:C

题目分析:林丹遭遇到近乎无法度过的难关时没有放弃一点点把劣势扳平,又逐步确立优势,最终把优势化为胜利,成功卫冕说明我们要积极发扬自强不息的民族精神。要坚信事物发展的前途是光明的。走向成功不一定就必须经历逆境。故①项错误。本题选C项。要不断追求更高的思想道德目标本身正确但不符合题意应排除。

点评:本题题目难度适中。解答好此类试题关键有两点:一是对材料信息的解读要准确,二是要用知识解释做到以上两点,就不难选出正确答案。

单项选择题
问答题

The idea of evolution was known to some of the Greek philosophers. (46) By the time of Aristotle, speculation had suggested that more perfect types had not only followed less perfect ones but actually had developed from them. But all this was guessing; no real evidence was forthcoming. When, in modern times, the idea of evolution was revived, it appeared in the writings of the philosophers—Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz and Kant. Herbert Spencer was preaching a full evolutionary doctrine in the years just before Darwin’s book was published, while most naturalists would have none of it. Nevertheless a few biologists ran counter to the prevailing view, and pointed to such facts as the essential unity of structure in all warm-blooded animals.

(47) The first complete theory was that of Lamarck, who thought that modifications due to environment, if constant and lasting, would be inherited and produce a new type. (48) Though no evidence for such inheritance was available, the theory gave a working hypothesis for naturalists to use, and many of the social and philanthropic efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.

But the man whose book gave both Darwin and Wallace the clue was the Reverend Robert Malthus, sometime curate of Albury in Surrey. The English people were increasing rapidly, and Malthus argued that the human race tends to outrun its means of subsistence unless the redundant individuals are eliminated. This may not always be true, but Darwin writes:

(49) In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had a theory by which to work.

The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself—an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution, which the years have but confirmed. Yet at first some naturalists joined the opposition. (50) To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks. Even educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed with Disraeli that he was "on the side of the Angels.

(50) To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks.