问题 单项选择题

伴痛风者禁用()。

A.利尿剂(袢利尿药)

B.非二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂

C.ACEI

D.利尿剂(噻嗪类)

E.β-受体阻断剂

答案

参考答案:D

解析:本组题考查要点是“抗高血压药的禁忌证”。①ACEI适用于伴慢性心力衰竭、心肌梗死后伴心功能不全、糖尿病肾病、非糖尿病肾病、代谢综合征、蛋白尿或微量白蛋白尿患者。禁忌证为双侧肾动脉狭窄、高钾血症及妊娠妇女。②β-受体阻断剂适用于伴快速性心律失常、冠心病心绞痛、慢性心力衰竭、交感神经性增高以及高动力状态的高血压患者。高度心脏传导阻滞为禁忌证。非选择性β-受体阻断剂禁用于哮喘患者。慢性阻塞性肺病、运动员、周围血管病或糖耐量异常者慎用;必要时也可慎重选用高选择性β受体阻断剂。③噻嗪类利尿剂适用于老年高血压、单纯收缩期高血压或伴心力衰竭患者,也是难治性高血压的基础药物之一。噻嗪类利尿剂可引起低血钾,长期应用者应定期监测血钾,并适量补钾。痛风者禁用;高尿酸血症、明显肾功能不全者慎用。④临床上常用的非二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂可用于降压治疗,常见不良反应包括抑制心脏收缩功能和传导功能,有时也会出现牙龈增生。2~3度房室传导阻滞、心力衰竭患者禁止使用。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

阅读表达。

     Feeling tired lately? Has the doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a

hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong.

     Then consider this, you might be in a state of sub-health (亚健康).

     Sub-health, also called the third state or grey state, is explained as an indefinite (不确定的) state between

health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-

health people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management

position as well as students around exams.

     Symptoms (症状) include a lack of energy, depression, slow reaction, insomnia, worries and poor memory.

Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching on the waist and legs.

     The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form good

living habits, alternate (交替) work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.

     As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and

fish, because they are rich in nutritional elements-vitamins and tiny elements-those are important to the body.

     Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy

changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a balanced diet is _____.

1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

    _______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? If you feeling weak, depressed, have

    a slow reaction, poor memory and can't sleep well, you are most likely to have suffered sub-health.

    _______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.)

    _______________________________________________________________________________________

4. Which of the suggestions do you think is the most important? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.) 

    _______________________________________________________________________________________

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. 

    _______________________________________________________________________________________