太阳光斜射到平静的水面上，将发生光的反射和折射．看见水底的石头变浅是由于发生了光的______的缘故．坐在电影院里任何一个角度都能看清银幕上的图象，这是因为射向银幕上的光发生了______反射的缘故．
（1）看见水底的石头变浅，是因为石头反射的光从水中斜射入空气中发生了折射现象，折射角大于入射角，人眼逆着折射光线看过去，会看到石头变浅；
（2）银幕是凹凸不平的，平行光线入射到粗糙的银幕上，反射光线射向四面八方，进入不同方向的人的眼睛，不同方向的人们都能看到．因此光在银幕上发生漫反射．
故答案为：折射；漫．
| In the information technology industry, it is widely acknowledged that how well IT departments of the future can fulfill their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing. And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade. Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis. With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff "golden handcuffs" — deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date — other organizations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year. But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual’s long-term ambitions. |
According to the passage, the success of IT departments will depend on ______.
A．(A) their success at retaining their skilled staff
B．(B) the extent to which they invest in new technology
C．(C) their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills
D．(D) the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments