问题 问答题 简答题

如何选择最适发酵温度?

答案

参考答案:

1、根据菌种及生长阶段选择。微生物种类不同,所具有的酶系及其性质不同,所要求的温度范围也不同。在发酵前期由于菌量少,发酵目的是要尽快达到大量的菌体,取稍高的温度,促使菌的呼吸与代谢,使菌生长迅速;在中期菌量已达到合成产物的最适量,发酵需要延长中期,从而提高产量,因此中期温度要稍低一些,可以推迟衰老。发酵后期,产物合成能力降低,延长发酵周期没有必要,就又提高温度,刺激产物合成到放罐。

2、根据培养条件选择。温度选择还要根据培养条件综合考虑,灵活选择。通气条件差时可适当降低温度,使菌呼吸速率降低些,溶氧浓度也可髙些。培养基稀薄时,温度也该低些。因为温度高营养利用快,会使菌过早自溶。

3、根据菌生长情况菌生长快,维持在较高温度时间要短些;菌生长慢,维持较高温度时间可长些。培养条件适宜,如营养丰富,通气能满足,那么前期温度可髙些,以利于菌的生长。总的来说,温度的选择根据菌种生长阶段及培养条件综合考虑。要通过反复实践来定出最适温度。

填空题
完形填空
A man was driving at 70 miles in a 40-mile zone, when a        came behind him. Right away the man started thinking of        to give.
As the policeman came to him, he said, “Hi, officer, I guess you        me a little bit over the speed limit. I was in a rush to get       , to be with my wife and kids. You know my younger son wasn’t feeling too        when I left home this morning. I’m afraid he’s ill.”
The policeman said, “Well, I guess so,” and started        something in his notebook. As minutes went by, he could see from the side view mirror, the policeman was        writing. When the man was wondering why he hadn’t asked for his driving        so far, the policeman came to his window,        him a piece of paper, and returned to his car without saying a single word. The man wondered: how much was this        going to be? However, the man was        it was not a ticket at all and he began to       :
“I had a daughter who was        by a speeding car at the age of six by a speeding driver. He got a fine, a few months in       , and then was free, free to hug his two daughters. I only had one, and now I have to        until I get to heaven before I can hug her again. I have tried to        that man a thousand times, and I thought I had. Maybe I really did forgive him. So pray for me, and be        when you drive again. My son is all I have been left with.”
The man was completely        and could not move for the next few minutes. When finally he did, he drove       , even a few miles        the speed limit, praying for forgiveness.
小题1:
A.truckB.police carC.mail carD.taxi
小题2:
A.informationB.adviceC.viewsD.excuses
小题3:
A.rememberedB.recognizedC.mistookD.caught
小题4:
A.homeB.to schoolC.outD.to hospital
小题5:
A.happyB.wellC.freeD.healthy
小题6:
A.writingB.looking forC.listingD.looking up
小题7:
A.evenB.reallyC.neverD.still
小题8:
A.insuranceB.journalC.licenseD.route
小题9:
A.handedB.sentC.rewardedD.pushed
小题10:
A.paperB.ticketC.noteD.notice
小题11:
A.excitedB.upsetC.angryD.surprised
小题12:
A.readB.laughC.smileD.think
小题13:
A.hitB.knockedC.killedD.trapped
小题14:
A.fearB.prisonC.troubleD.danger
小题15:
A.stayB.waitC.remainD.escape
小题16:
A.forgiveB.attackC.educateD.support
小题17:
A.honestB.thankfulC.carefulD.patient
小题18:
A.disappointedB.nervousC.shockedD.frightened
小题19:
A.quicklyB.fortunatelyC.rapidlyD.slowly
小题20:
A.underB.overC.toD.with