问题 辨析题

十八大报告再次论及“生态文明”,并将其提升到更高的战略层面。中国特色社会主义总体布局由经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设“四位一体”拓展为包括生态文明建设的“五位一体”,这是总揽国内外大局、贯彻落实科学发展观的一个新部署。某校高二同学开展“生态文明 我们在行动”的主题探究活动,同学们搜集资料,组织课堂讨论,发表了下列看法:

同学甲:建设生态文明,要转变理念,树立环境优先的观念,要增强节能减排意识,摒除“不差我一个”的观念。

同学乙:生态文明不是未来需要做的事情,而是要从现在做起。

同学丙:要通过技术创新促进生态文明的发展。

运用所学哲学知识分析同学甲、乙、丙看法的合理性。

答案

甲:意识对物质具有能动作用,要树立正确的思想意识,克服错误的思想意识。发展低碳经济,要树立环境优先的理念,摒弃错误观念,符合这一观点。

乙:量变是质变的前提和必要准备,要求我们要重视量的积累。节能减排,要从我做起,从现在做起,摒除“不差我一个”的观念,符合这一观点。

丙:辩证的否定观要求我们要树立创新意识。要通过技术创新来促进低碳经济的发展,符合这一观点。

题目分析:分析三位同学观点的合理性要坚持辩证思维,指出甲同学、乙同学、丙同学各自观点的合理之处,找出观点依据。结合课本知识作答即可。甲同学的观点抓住“意识”一词。乙同学的观点抓住“从现在做起”。 丙同学的观点抓住“技术创新”可知哲学依据分别是意识对物质具有能动作用,要树立正确的思想意识。量变是质变的前提和必要准备,要求我们要重视量的积累。辩证的否定观要求我们要树立创新意识。

点评:做本题:第一步,审读设问,明确答题方向。依据设问,明确答题的知识范围和答题方向,可以通过设问中的关键词或者所涉及的主体进行定位。第二步,审读材料,提取有效信息。依据设问限定,审读材料,提取有效地材料信息。第三步,依据材料信息与设问限定,整合知识,组织答案。

选择题
阅读理解

LONDON—Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is to send a few comets (彗星) in the direction of Earth, and its orbit (轨道) will be changed. Our world will then be sent moving into a safer older part of the solar system.

This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—hopefully doubling its working life.

The plan put forward by Dr. Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid (小行星) so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy (重力势能) to Earth.

“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the sun,” Laughlin said.

Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter (木星) or Saturn(土星). The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated.

In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to worldwide warming, although the team was actually worried about a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere (生物圈)—by cooking us.

That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.

The plan has one or two worrying sides, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation (误算) in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly results.

There is also the question of the moon. As the present issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its present location, it is “most likely the moon would be stripped (剥离) away from Earth,” it states. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.

小题1:What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?

A.A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.

B.Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon.

C.Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.

D.The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.小题2:If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of ________ years.

A.12 billion

B.6 billion

C.18 billion

D.24 billion小题3:What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?

A.The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.

B.Earth might be moved too far away and man might die because of the coldness.

C.The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.

D.Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened.小题4:What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?

A.provide

B.benefit (受益)

C.share

D.endanger