问题 单项选择题

洋地黄制剂最适用于下列哪种心力衰竭()

A.心力衰竭伴心房纤颤

B.二尖瓣狭窄伴肺淤血

C.主动脉瓣狭窄伴肺淤血

D.肺源性心脏病伴右心功能不全

E.心包积液伴体循环淤血

答案

参考答案:A

解析:一般来说,洋地黄制剂适用于各种原因所致的心力衰竭。但对心脏结构中或搏血通道中存在梗阻性病变所致的心力衰竭,洋地黄制剂的使用有可能导致梗阻加重而起到相反的效应,应严格掌握其适应证。因此在二尖瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣狭窄、梗阻型心肌病等伴有心力衰竭时,洋地黄制剂并非是最适用的。肺源性心脏病伴右心功能不全的主要治疗方法是控制肺部感染、减轻肺血管阻力、使用利尿剂等,洋地黄制剂并非首选。同时在机体缺氧条件下,容易出现洋地黄毒性反应,因此应相对慎用。心包积液的治疗必须首先解除积液对心脏的压塞作用。

阅读理解

A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Specially­made lanterns(灯笼) are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle(景象,场面), for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.

小题1:The festival is a cheerful one,because________.

A.people specially make some lanterns

B.all night long, people dance and sing

C.people make much delicious food

D.the dead are said to return to their homes and are welcomed by the living小题2:Specially­made lanterns(灯笼) are hung outside each house to________.

A.help the dead to find their way

B.add the cheerful atmosphere

C.welcome the dead to go home

D.help the dead to find the food小题3:What happens to the lanterns at the end of the festival?

A.The lanterns are put away to be used next year.

B.They are thrown away.

C.They are placed into the water.

D.They are hung outside all the way.

填空题