问题 综合题

(19分)近来,钓鱼岛撞船事件影响持续发酵,中日关系出现严重危机,不禁让人回想起历史上的中日关系的曲曲折折。阅读下列材料:

材料一:

中日签订《马关条约》

(1)《马关条约》大大加深了中国半殖民地半封建社会的程度,该条约是哪次战争的结局?(1分)简述该条约的主要内容。(4分)

材料二:争取抗战胜利的中心关键,在使已经发动的抗战发展为全面的全民族抗战。只有这种全面的全民族抗战,才能使抗战得到最后的胜利。          

——《关于目前形势与党的任务的决定》

材料三:帝国所以向美英两国宣战,实亦为……东亚之安定而出此。……自交战以来,……战局并未好转,世界大势亦不利于我。加之敌方最近使用残酷之炸弹,频杀无辜,惨害所及,真未可逆料。……此朕所以饬令帝国政府接受联合公告者也。            

——《日本天皇停战诏书》

(2)依据材料二、三,分析中国抗日战争胜利的主要原因和次要原因。(4分)

(3)恩格斯说:“没有哪一次巨大的历史灾难不是以历史的进步为补偿的。”请根据恩格

斯的观点分析抗日战争对中国历史进程的影响。(2分)

材料四:日本方面痛感日本国过去由于战争给中国人民造成的重大损害的责任,表示深刻的反省。日本方面重申站在充分理解中华人民共和国政府提出的“复交三原则”的立场上,谋求实现日中邦交正常化这一见解。中国方面对此表示欢迎。……自本声明公布之日起,中华人民共和国和日本国之间迄今为止的不正常状态宣布结束。                               

——1972年中日联合声明

(4)结合材料四和所学知识,概括促成中日两国结束“不正常状态”的因素。(8分)

答案

(1)战争:甲午中日战争;(1分)内容:割辽东半岛、台湾及其附属岛屿、澎湖列岛给日本;(1分)赔款白银2亿两;(1分)开放沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州为通商口岸;(1分)允许日本在通商口岸开设工厂;(1分)(笼统答割地、赔款、开口不得分)

(2)主要原因:中国人民的全民族抗战。(2分)次要原因:世界反法西斯力量的沉重打击。(或者苏、美、英等国对日作战,美国对日本投放原子弹)(2分)

(3)抗日战争推动了中 * * 的团结和进步,增强了民族的凝聚力与自尊心,(1分)为民主革命在全国的胜利奠定了坚实的基础,(1分)也提高了中国的国际地位。(1分)(答出任意两点即可,总得分不超过2分)

(4)因素:中国国际地位与影响的提高;(2分)中美关系改善的直接推动;(2分)为在政治和经济上同各国竞争中取得有利地位,日本政府致力于两国友好关系;(2分)中国政府的努力;(2分)中日民间交流活动的推动(或者日本对华友好政党、社团和人士的推动,答日本民间人士的推动也可)。(2分)(任意一点都得2分,本小题总得分不超过8分)

阅读理解

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单项选择题