问题 配伍题 B1型题

不属于第二代抗精神病药物的是()
在第二代抗精神病药物中最易出现锥体外系副作用的药物是()

A.舒必利

B.氯氮平

C.利培酮

D.奥氮平

E.喹硫平

答案

参考答案:A,C

解析:此试题是标准的配伍题,考查考生对抗精神病药物知识的记忆。1题:目前常用抗精神病药物分为传统抗精神病药物和非典型抗精神病药物两大类。分别又称第一代抗精神病药物和第二代抗精神病药物。第一代抗精神病药物根据其化学结构的不同可分为吩噻嗪类(如氯丙嗪、奋乃静等)、丁酰苯类(如氟哌啶醇)、苯甲酰胺类(如舒必利)和硫杂蒽类(如泰尔登等)。第二代抗精神病药物主要包括利培酮、奥氮平、喹硫平、氯氮平、阿立哌唑、齐拉西酮等。故正确答案应为A。2题:第二代抗精神病药物相对于第一代抗精神病药物而言,该类药物除能够拮抗中枢神经系统多巴胺D2受体外,还同时拮抗中枢5-羟色胺2(5-HT2)受体而发挥药理作用。该类药物的主要特点是能够有效地改善精神分裂症的阳性、阴性症状。该类药物中绝大多数药物副作用相对较少,特别是所产生的锥体外系副作用、过度的镇静作用等均明显轻于第一代抗精神病药物。但在第二代抗精神病药物中,利培酮仍然表现出相对比较常见的轻中度锥体外系副作用,而且这种副作用具有剂量关联性,在高剂量时表现尤为明显。奥氮平、喹硫平、氯氮平在引起锥体外系副作用方面很少见。故正确答案应为C。

阅读理解

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According to official statistics released by the Chinese government, China is expected to run out of water around the year 2030. In its directive on water use, the State Council (国务院) has stated, “Taking into full account water-saving, by 2030 our country’s water use will reach or approach the total volume of exploitable water resources (可利用的水资源总量), and the drought-fighting situation will be increasingly serious.” Such statements are certainly serious, and every man, woman and child in China must consider the situation and how it relates to their lives.

So, will China run out of water completely? The news is not all bad. Although there are serious concerns, there are some reasons to be hopeful. One of the simplest is just to consider that China has had a long history of water problems. From flooding to drought, balancing water needs has always been an issue in China; it is something that many public projects are already addressing. Some of these projects need time before their long-term value can be properly seen, but there is reason to hope that they will prove useful.

Another reason for hope lies in what seems at first to be a terrible fact: nearly 70% of China’s water is so contaminated that it is not only unsuitable for drinking but is also not useful for individual purposes. How can this be good news? Well, in recent years, the terrible situation has motivated the government and the public to become more and more committed to cleaning up these contaminated sources. Several projects have already been successful in partially cleaning these water sources. As this commitment increases, more and more of China’s water is being cleaned and made available for use.

Finally, the international community, particularly NGOs (Non Government Organizations) and the corporate community, have begun to focus on ways to help China stretch its limited water resources. Several business and NGOs are already studying the issue and investing in solutions.

It is certainly important for everyone in China to understand the situation and to take part in conserving water. Thankfully, however, the situation is not hopeless. Through the cooperation of the government, the people, NGOs and business, China can continue to find the water it needs.

72. What does the first paragraph tell us?

A. China is seriously short of water now.’

B. We still have enough water for drink and use.

C. China will be faced with serious water shortage in two decades.

D. We needn’t consider the situation for the moment.

73. Which of the following reasons to be hopeful is not mentioned?

A. Many in the international and corporate community have begun to help China.

B. China has dealt with many water problems.

C. The government and the public are becoming more and more committed to cleaning up the contaminated sources.

D. The Chinese have enough confidence and courage to overcome the difficulty.

74. Which of the following can replace the underlined word contaminated in Paragraph 3?

A. cleaned           B. wasted           C. polluted            D. purified

75. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?

A. The international community and the corporate community have begun to help China develop it limited water resources.

B. All China’s water is so contaminated that it is unsuitable for both drinking and industrial purposes.

C. Several business and NGOs had already studied the issue and invested in solutions.

D. There is no hope for China to find the water it needs.

填空题