问题 论述题

(29分)阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题:

材料一:改革开放以来,中国国内生产总值年均增长率高达9.9%,2010年经济总量已位居世界第二。中国在短短30余年创造了西方200多年才有的经济奇迹。西方经济学界以苏联、东欧为参照,不能合理解释中国改革与经济高速增长并行的独特现象,将比称为“中国之谜”。

材料二:中国经济在创造奇迹的同时也存在一些问题,如盲目扩张产能和忽视流通的重要作用,导致了重生产、轻消费的倾向;居民收入增幅赶不上财政收入和企业利润的增幅,造成了重效率、轻公平的矛盾;以高能耗、高投入所维持的增长模式。形成了重速度、轻结构的局面。

材料三:在探索中国特色社会主义建设的道路中,中国人民不断战胜各种艰难险阻,进一步坚定了“不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾”的信念,凝聚了深化改革开放的共识,2012年2月,温 * * * * 在广东调研时指出,20年前邓 * * 南巡关于“不改革放开只能是死路一条”的教导至今仍有深远的指导意义。

(1)结合材料一,运用社会主义市场经济的相关知识,简析:中国之谜“的原因:(6分)

(2)运用(经济生活)的相关知识,对材料二中的问题提出解决措施。(10分)

(3)结合材料三,运用实践与认识的关系原理,分析“不改革开放只能是死路一条”这一论断,并阐述其现实意义(13分)

答案

(1)①得益于我国的经济体制改革,建立了社会主义市场经济体制,调动了市场主体的积极性和创造性,保持了中国经济高速增长的奇迹。

②利益于社会主义市场经济,社会主义市场经济既有市场经济的共性,发挥市场经济的长处,又可以发挥社会主义制度的优越性。

③坚持公有制的主体地位,是社会主义市场经济的基本标志,以共同富裕为目标,是发展社会主义市场经济的根本目标。能够实行强有力的宏观调控。

④我国充分利用经济、法律和必要的行政手段对国民经济进行宏观调控,以促进经济增长,增加就业,稳定物价,保持国际收支平衡。并形成了有利于科学发展的宏观调控体系,充分发挥了宏观调控手段的总体功能。

(2)①深入贯彻落实科学发展观,走可持续发展之路。

②加快转变经济发展方式,坚持扩大内需特别是消费需求的方针,促进经济增长由主要依靠投资、出口拉动向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。

③推动产业结构优化升级,由主要依靠增加物质资源消耗向主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新转变。

④加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护,增强可持续发展能力。

⑤促进社会公平,坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度。保证居民收入在国民收入分配中占合理比重、劳动报酬在初次分配中占合理比重是实现社会公平的重要举措。着力提高低收入者收入,逐步提高最低工资标准,建立企业职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制。再分配要更加注重公平,正确处理好效率与公平的关系。

(3)①实践是认识的基础,实践是认识的来源、动力、检验真理性的唯一标准、目的与归宿。科学的认识对实践起促进作用。在探索中国特色社会主义建设的道路中,中国人民不断战胜各种艰难险阻,进一步坚定了“不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾”的信念,凝聚了深化改革开放的共识。体现了实践是认识的来源与动力,正确改革开放三十多年来的巨大成就证明了改革开放伟大战略的正确性,不改革只能是死路一条,也体现了实践是认识的目的和归宿。

②改革开放是我国的强国之路,在当前社会快速发展及经济全球化日益深化的今天,改革开放的重要性尤为突出。改革是社会主义的自我完善与发展,对于今天抵御金融危机风险,发展中国特色社会主义,构建和谐社会有着重要的现实意义。同时,坚持对外开放,提高开放型经济水平,对于我国在经济全球化条件下参与国际经济竞争和合作方面形成新的优势等。

(1)本题以改革开放以来中国经济快速发展为背景,以“社会主义市场经济”相关知识为考查角度,以“中国之谜”的原因为设问,考查学生运用所学经济学知识分析现实问题的能力。解答本题有三点需要注意:一是明确“社会主义市场经济”的内容范围;二是明确“中国之谜”的原因是什么?三是用“社会主义市场经济”理论阐述上述原因。“中国之谜”是中国改革与经济调整增长并行的独特现象,得益于我国确立的社会主义市场经济体制,充分发挥市场调节作用,并形成有利于科学发展的宏观调控体系等等。

(2)本题以我国经济发展中面临的问题为考查角度,以解决措施为设问,考查“又好又快,科学发展”的有关知识。解答此类试题本着措施从问题中来的原则,首先分析问题,根据材料可知,我们面临的主要问题有三:一是重生产、轻消费;二是重效率、轻公平;三是重速度、轻结构。第二步是针对上述三个问题,结合教材有关知识进行分析,并提高解决的措施。加快转变经济发展方式以解决“重生产、轻消费”问题;促进社会公平以解决“重效率、轻公平”的问题;加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护,增强可持续发展能力,推动产业结构优化升级以解决“重速度,轻结构”问题。

(3)本题以改革的必要性为考查角度,以分析其哲理及阐述现实意义为设问,考查实践与认识的关系有关知识。解答本题第1小问,首先要运用实践与认识关系原理分析改革的必要性,本着材料为先的原则,阅读材料获取有效信息,可知:中国人民在社会主义现代建设中,克服了艰苦险阻,形成并凝聚了“深化改革开放”的共识,体现了实践是认识的基础这一基本原理。第2小问是谈改革开放的现实意义,可以分别就改革的意义和开放的意义来答,现实意义是指对当前中国特色社会主义建设的意义。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Jess really felt very happy. When he arrived at his seat in the classroom that morning, he found an

invitation on his desk. It was from several of his classmates asking him to join them on a camping trip.

This was the first time he was asked to join in an out-of-school activity. Why were they asking him

now? Nobody seemed to like him.ln fact, he had been so lonely that he drowned his feeling with food.

As a result, he had put on a lot of weight, and this gave the kids something more to make fun of him.

     Cindy, who was standing near Jess when he read the invitation, went out quickly to tell the others that

the trick had worked. Everyone was pleased that Jess thought that was true. But there was no camping

trip. The whole thing was made up.

     At first, Cindy thought it was fun. But later, when Jess told her that he was going to buy a sleeping

bag with his savings, Cindy had a second idea. She knew that Jess's family had little money, and she

hated to see him spend his savings on something he would never use. Cindy also hated to tell Jess the

truth. Her close friends would be angry with her.

     What could she do now?

1. The sentence ". . . he drowned his feeling with food" means "___________ ".

A. he ate a lot to make himself feel less lonely

B. he asked for a lot of food from his classmates

C. he brought his food to his classmates

D. he had a lot of food to put on weight

2. What would happen if Cindy told Jess the truth?

A. Jess would go on the camping trip himself.

B. Jess's family would be angry with Cindy.

C. Cindy might have trouble with her friends.

D. Jess would be thankful to his classmates.

3. If  Jess really bought a sleeping bag, ___________.

A. everyone else would also buy one  

B. it would be the best in the class

C. Cindy would pay for it

D. he would have it for no use

4. From the story we can guess ___________ .

A. everybody would go camping in the class

B. Jess had few friends in the class

C. Cindy was Jess's best friend in the class

D. Jess joined in many out-of-school activities

5. What's the best title of this passage?

A. Jess and His School

B. Jess and His Friends

C. An Invitation for Jess

D. Jess and His Camping Trip

多项选择题