问题 改错题

情景简答题:(12分)

日本人民善于学习、善于创造,勤劳智慧、奋发向上。远在1400多年前,日本就先后20多次向中国派出遣隋使、遣唐使,借鉴中国的制度、典章、律令,引入佛教、汉字、技术,结合自己的实际形成了独具特色的日本文化。明治维新以后,日本人民努力学习吸收世界先进文明成果,逐步发展成为亚洲第一个现代化国家。日本人民以有限的国土资源创造出举世瞩目的发展成就,日本在制造业、信息、金融、物流等领域位居世界前列,拥有世界一流的节能环保技术。这是日本人民的骄傲,也值得中国人民学习。

请回答:

⑴“远在1400多年前”,日本“借鉴中国的制度、典章、律令”进行的一次改革叫什么?(1分)

⑵日本明治维新又是借鉴了哪里的“先进文明成果”?(1分)具体通过哪些措施使日本“逐步发展成为亚洲第一个现代化国家”?(6分)

⑶两次改革分别使日本的社会制度产生了什么变化?(4分)

答案

(1)大化改新  (1分)

(2)西方(欧洲)国家(1分)

政治方面:“废藩置县”,加强中央集权;

在经济方面:允许土地买卖,引进西方技术,鼓励发展近代工业。

在社会生活方面:提倡“文明开化”,即向欧美学习,努力发展教育。(6分)

(3)大化改新:使日本从奴隶社会过渡到封建社会;

明治维新:使日本从封建社会过渡到资本主义社会。

本题考查的是日本历史上的大化改新和明治维新。大化改新是古代日本学习中国隋唐时期制度、典章、律令进行的一次改革,使日本从奴隶社会过渡到封建社会。明治维新借鉴的是欧美的先进文明成果,其改革内容包括:政治方面:“废藩置县”,加强中央集权;在经济方面:允许土地买卖,引进西方技术,鼓励发展近代工业。在社会生活方面:提倡“文明开化”,即向欧美学习,努力发展教育。通过这次改革,使日本走上了发展了资本主义的道路,成为亚洲强国。

单项选择题
问答题

An awkward-looking character such as Cyrano de Bergerac might sniff at the suggestion, but recent scientific research shows beauty, brains and brawn may in fact all be allied, writes Dr Raj Persaud.

(46) Psychologists have concluded that we may be drawn to the stereotypically attractive because of what their faces reveal about their intelligence and success in later life. In American, research led by Professor Leslie Zebrowitz, of Brandeis University, has shown an association between facial attractive and IQ. Strangers briefly exposed to a target’s face were able to correctly judge intelligence at levels significantly better than chance.

The same team also researched how a person’s attractiveness might bear relation to their intelligence. They found that good-looking people did better in IQ tests as they aged. (47) Their research sought to prove that how a person perceived himself and was perceived by others predicted how intelligent he apparently became more accurately than his past intelligence. (48) Perhaps because the more attractive people were treated as more intelligent, they ended up having more stimulating and, therefore, intelligence-enhancing lives.

Does this mean that your face really could be your destiny Sociologists Dr Ulrich Mueller and Dr Allan Mazur, of the University of Marburg in Germany, recently analyzed the final year photographs of the 1950 graduates of West Point in the United States. Dominant facial appearances turned out to be a consistent predictor of later-rank attainment:

Again, they believed there could be a self-fulfilling effect. (49) Because some men looked more authoritative, they naturally drew respect and obedience from others which, in turn, assisted their rise through the ranks.

A team at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin has been investigating the sensitive subject of links between physical and mental abnormalities. Led by Doctors Robin Hennessy and John Waddington, the team used a new laser surface-scanning technique to make a 3-D analysis of how facial shape might vary with brain structure. Their findings showed that in early fetal life, brain and face development are intimately connected. From this they concluded that abnormalities in brain elaboration probably also affect face development.

This, according to them, explains the striking facial features of some one with Down’s syndrome. (50) Using similar techniques, the team also demonstrated how other disorders linked to brain aberrations could be associated with facial alterations.

So the very latest scientific research suggests that nobody should try to look too obviously different from average.

(49) Because some men looked more authoritative, they naturally drew respect and obedience from others which, in turn, assisted their rise through the ranks.