问题 填空题

如图是某学校实验室从化学试剂商店买回的硫酸试剂标签上的部分内容。据此回答下列问题:

(1)该硫酸的物质的量浓度为           mol/L。

(2)配制250mL 0.92mol·L-1的稀硫酸需取该硫酸         mL。(2分)

(3)配制时必需的玻璃仪器有:______________________________________________________。(2分)

(4)定容时,待容量瓶中溶液的凹液面正好与刻度线相切,盖好瓶塞后的下一步操作是______。(1分)

(5)定容时,若加入的水超过刻度线,必须采取的措施是                                 。(1分)

(6)下列操作对H2SO4的物质的量浓度有什么影响(偏高、偏低或无影响)?

①转移溶液后,未洗涤烧杯:        ;(1分)

②容量瓶用水洗净后未烘干:         ;(1分)

③定容时俯视容量瓶的刻度线:        。(1分)

答案

(1)18.4mol/L(2分) (2)12.5mL(2分)

(3)烧杯,玻璃棒,250ml容量瓶,胶头滴管,量筒(2分)

(4)倒转摇匀(1分) (5)重新配制(1分) (6)①偏低(1分)②无影响(1分)③偏高(1分)

题目分析:(1)根据c=可知,该硫酸的物质的量浓度为c==18.4mol/L。

(2)在稀释过程中溶质的物质的量是不变的,则配制250mL 0.92mol·L-1的稀硫酸需取该硫酸的体积==0.0125L=12.5ml。

(3)浓硫酸需要量筒量取,浓硫酸的稀释需要烧杯和玻璃棒,定容还需要胶头滴管,所以配制一定物质的量浓度溶液时必需的玻璃仪器有烧杯,玻璃棒,250ml容量瓶,胶头滴管,量筒。

(4)定容时,待容量瓶中溶液的凹液面正好与刻度线相切,盖好瓶塞后的下一步操作是倒转摇匀。

(5)定容时,若加入的水超过刻度线,这说明实验失败,必须采取的措施是重新配制。

(6)根据cB=nB/V可得,一定物质的量浓度溶液配制的误差都是由溶质的物质的量nB和溶液的体积V引起的。误差分析时,关键要看配制过程中引起n和V怎样的变化。在配制一定物质的量浓度溶液时,若nB比理论值小,或V比理论值大时,都会使所配溶液浓度偏小;若nB比理论值大,或V比理论值小时,都会使所配溶液浓度偏大。①转移溶液后,未洗涤烧杯,则溶质减少,所配浓度偏低;②容量瓶用水洗净后未烘干,则溶液体积和溶质质量均不变,因此所配浓度无影响;③定容时俯视容量瓶的刻度线,则容量瓶中溶液的体积减少,因此所配浓度偏高。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Our climate is changing around the world. Because of man-made pollution, the earth is becoming warmer

and warmer. The 1990s were the warmest ten years and the 20th century was the warmest century.

     There are many signs of the climate change around us. In Europe, the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps are

disappearing and the droughts in the Mediterranean are worse than before. Southern Spain is turning into

desert. And, as ice melts, sea levels all over the world are rising.

     We are in danger because it will rain less because of the hot weather. In Southeast England there used

to be much rain. but the amount of rain will drop by half in the next 40 years. Fewer people may die from

cold in winter. but many more could die from heat in summer. In the summer of 2003, about 20,000 people

died from heat in France and soon happened in Britain.

1. What makes the earth warmer and warmer?

A. The waste of water.

B. The heat of summer.

C. The heavy rain.

D. Man-made pollution.

2. Which is one of the signs of the climate change?

A. The number of people in the world is growing.

B. There is more snow than before.

C. There isn't much water as before in the Mediterranean.

D. It is very cold in winter.

3. What can cause the rise of sea levels?

A. The melting of ice.

B. The reducing of rain.

C. The cold weather.

D. The strong wind.

4. When win the amount of rain in Southeast England drop by half?

A. Next year.

B. Two years later.

C. In the next thirty years.

D. In the next forty years.

5. This passage is mainly about the _______.

A. change of climate

B. disappearance of glaciers

C. pollution of the air

D. droughts in the Mediterranean

单项选择题