问题 选择题

在物理学的重大发现中科学家们创造出了许多物理学方法,如理想实验法、控制变量法、极限思想法、建立物理模型法、类比法和科学假说法等等。以下关于所用物理学研究方法的叙述正确的是( )

A.在不需要考虑物体本身的大小和形状时,用质点来代替物体的方法叫假设法。

B.根据速度定义式,当非常非常小时,就可以用表示物体在t时刻的瞬时速度,这是应用了极限思想方法。

C.玻璃瓶内装满水,用穿有透明细管的橡皮泥封口。手捏玻璃瓶,细管内液面高度变化,说明玻璃瓶发生形变。该实验采用放大的思想。

D.在推导匀变速运动位移公式时,把整个运动过程划分成很多小段,每一小段近似看作匀速直线运动,然后把各小段的位移相加,这里采用了微元法。

答案

BCD

题目分析:用质点代替物体的方法叫理想模型法,故A错误;为研究某一时刻或某一位置时的速度,我们采用了取时间非常小,即让时间趋向无穷小时的平均速度作为瞬时速度,也就是采用了极限思维法,所以B正确;玻璃瓶受压力作用发生形变时很不明显,为了更好的进行观察,用穿有透明细管的橡皮封口,此时玻璃瓶受到挤压时,管内液面高度会发生明显变化,属于微小放大法,所以C正确;为了得到匀变速运动的位移公式,我们采取把变速运动过程无限微分成一段段的匀速运动,各自求得位移后再累加的方法,即采用了微元法,所以D正确;

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Dick was having dinner with his mother and sisters one evening.

Suddenly his younger sister asked.“Why does it look like that outside?”

    Everyone looked out of the window on the north side of the kitchen.

    They saw the sun in a blue sky.Then.they looked out of the window on the south side of the kitchen.They saw a dark sky with big,grey clouds.

Next.they heard the tornado siren(龙卷风报警器),That meant a

tornado was coming.They all know that during a tornado,the safest 

place  to be is the basement(地下室).

     Luckily.they had one.They all ran quickly into the basement.

Suddenly.Dick remembered the pet cat Pete. “Mom, we forgot Pete!”

Dick yelled, “I will go upstairs and find him!” But his mother said, “No, Dick! It’s too dangerous.The tornado is coming. You have to stay here.” All at once they heard the very loud noise of a very strong wind. It was so

loud that they could not even hear their own screams. Everyone was very

scared.

     Just a few seconds later, it stopped. The tornado went away and everyone was safe. Dick ran upstairs and found that the house was badly damaged and Pete was gone. He began to cry and went outside. He saw that all the trees

were blown down except one. And at the top of tree, there was Pete, looking at  Dick and waiting for him. 

1.Why did Dick and his family go to the basement?

A.Because it was going to rain.

B.Because they heard the noise of a very strong wind.

C.Because everyone was very scared.

D.Because the safest place is the basement when a tornado

happens.            

2.Why didn’t Dick’s mother let him go upstairs to find Pete?

A.Because she could not hear him.

B.Because Dick was too young.

C.Because the house Was badly damaged.

D.Because it was too dangerous.

3.Why was the loud noise Dick and his family heard when they were in the basement?

A.Screaming.    

B.The wind.    

C.The siren.

D.The trees.

4.Why did Dick begin to cry?

A.Because the tornado went away.    

B.Because Pete was badly hurt.

C.Because Pete was gone.  

D.Because Pete was at the top of the tree.

5.How many trees were blown down?

A.All except one.    

B.All of them.

C.None of them.    

D.Some of them.

单项选择题