世界杯足球小组赛，每组四个队进行单循环比赛。每场比赛胜队得3_爱下问搜题

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问题解答题

世界杯足球小组赛，每组四个队进行单循环比赛。每场比赛胜队得3分，败队记0分。平局时两队各记1分。小组全赛完以后，总积分最高的两个队出线进入下轮比赛。如果总积分相同，还要按小分排序。

（1）一个队至少要积几分才能保证本队必然出线？简述理由。

（2）在上述世界杯足球小组赛中，若有一个队只积3分，问：这个队有可能出线吗？为什么?

答案

解：（1）四个队单循环赛共6场比赛，每场均有胜负，6场最多共计18分。

若该队积7分，剩下的11分被3个队去分，那么，不可能再有两个队都得7分，即至多再有一个队可得7分以上。这样该队可以出线。

其次，如果该队积6分，则剩下12分，可能有另两队各得6分。如果这另两队小分都比该队高，该队就不能出线了。

所以，一个队至少要积7分才能保证必然出线；

（2）有可能出线。

填空题

For more than two centuries, American’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial, (1) and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U. S. institutions of higher learning (2) . They are apt to find many reasons for the excellence of American universities, but (3) stand out as watersheds:
Education (4) : In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education (5) , including such disenfranchised groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of (6) and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
(7) : Over the years, the decentralization and diversity of the America’s colleges and universities have promoted competition for students and resources. Competitive pressure first arose (8) . The academy’s impact really grew after World War II, when (9) commissioned by President Roosevelt argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories, scientific research (11) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also gave graduate students research opportunities and helped (12) far and wide, to the benefit of industry, medicine and society as a whole.
(13) : The end of the World War II saw passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided for (14) for returning veterans, made an already democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were (15) in Europe, opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had (16) of going to college.
(17) : The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs, as well as outright grants for college students brought (18) to higher education and further helped to democratize access. Since its founding (19) , the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth more than (20) .

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