问题 开放性试题

(10分)解决好人口问题,是全面深化改革的重要一环,关系到国家的可持续发展。“单独二胎”政策是计划生育政策的完善。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:我国人口年龄结构的基本状况图

(1)观察图6,说说我国出台“单独二胎”政策的客观依据。(2分)

材料二:第六次人口普查数据显示:每10万人中具有大学文化程度8930人,高中文化程度14032人。文盲率4.08%,流动人口增长81.03%。我国人口素质依然不高,流动人口在增加……要解决我国人口问题,需要提高人口素质……

(2)结合材料二,运用人口的相关知识,谈谈你对解决我国人口问题的措施的认识。(4分)

材料三:十八届三中全会审议通过的《中 * * 关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》指出,坚持计划生育的基本国策,启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策,逐步调整完善生育政策,促进人口长期均衡发展。

(3)联系材料三,从人口对资源、环境、发展的影响角度,分析中央改革人口政策的正确性。(4分)

答案

(1)我国存在人口结构性矛盾,呈现老龄化趋势。

(2)提高人口素质是积极解决人口问题的重要措施,我国人口素质较低,给自然、社会和经济都带来沉重压力,给失业人口再就业增加了难度。解决人口问题还需要控制人口数量、调整人口结构、解决好人口流动等问题。

(3)在人口、资源、环境、发展的关系中,人口是关键。人口数量、结构的变化,会引起资源、环境、发展等 方面的变化。中央改革人口政策,坚持计划生育基本国策,控制人口数量,有利于减轻资源、环境的压力,启动单独二胎政策,调整人口结构,有利于经济社会的可持续发展。

题目分析:(1)通过人口年龄结构示意图,可以看出我国人口老龄化加速,每年新增人口减少。说明我国存在人口结构性问题,老龄化速度加快,所以必须改变现行的计划生育政策。

(2)题文中我国人口素质依然不高,流动人口在增加,说明我国人口素质较低,给自然、社会和经济发展带来沉重的压力,给失业人口再就业增加了难度。解决人口问题是提高人口素质,控制人口数量,解决好人口流动问题,调整人口结构变化等问题。

(3)根据教材知识,人口问题:人口发展必须与社会经济发展速度相适应,与资源利用和环境保护相协调。目前,人口已成了制约我国经济、社会发展的重要因素之一。因此,我国改革人口政策,坚持计划生育的基本国策,控制人口数量,有利于减轻资源和环境的压力。启动单独二胎政策,有利于调整人口结构,促进我国经济社会的可持续发展。

(2)解决我国人口问题的做法。

(3)正确认识人口、资源、环境和发展的关系。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
完形填空

E

任务型读写

Directions : Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A---E for each paragraph. 

A. Classroom participation

B. Differences in American university education

C. Examination system

D. Competition among students

E. Honest policy in students' school work

F. (AB) Students' responsibility for learning

56                

There is considerable variety in university classrooms in the United States. Because of diverse teaching methods and non-standardized curricula (课程), no two courses are the same.    Undergraduate courses are considerable different from graduate courses. The classroom atmosphere in expensive, private universities may differ from that in community colleges, which are free and open to everyone.

57                

Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures.

58                

Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies with the student. (Courses are not designed merely for students to pass exams.) The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades.

59                

Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. Thus, cheating on tests, Plagiarizing (抄袭) in written work, presenting other's ideas as original, and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited (禁止).

60                 

Relationships between students in the classroom can be cooperative or competitive. International students should not hesitate to ask for help if it is needed. in classes where such a grading curve is used, students may be reluctant to share lecture notes or information for fear that their own grades will suffer.