问题 解答题
有n盏灯排成一排,依次标号1,2,…,n,每盏灯都有一根拉线开关,最初电灯都是关着的.现有n个人,都沿着电灯路线走过,第一个人走过时,把凡是号码是1的倍数的灯的开关拉一下;接着第二个人走过时,把凡是号码是2的倍数的灯的开关拉一下;第三个走过时,把凡是号码是3的倍数的灯的开关拉一下;…;最后,第n个人走过时,把最后那盏灯的开关拉一下.
(1)填空:
n最后第n个人走过后,哪些亮着灯的号码
10
20
(2)猜想n=100时,最后第100个人走过后,哪些亮着灯的号码.说明你猜想的理由.
答案

(1)由于最初所有电灯是关着的,所以只有哪些拉了奇数次开关的电灯才是亮的,而每一盏电灯的拉线开关被拉了多少次取决于这盏灯的编号的数字有多少个不同的正约数,最后亮着的灯的编号只有为完全平方数.所以,n=10时,只有编号为1,4,9亮着,

由于最初所有电灯是关着的,所以只有哪些拉了奇数次开关的电灯才是亮的,而每一盏电灯的拉线开关被拉了多少次取决于这盏灯的编号的数字有多少个不同的正约数,最后亮着的灯的编号只有为完全平方数.所以,n=20时,只有编号为1,4,9,16亮着;

(2)由于最初所有电灯是关着的,所以只有哪些拉了奇数次开关的电灯才是亮的,而每一盏电灯的拉线开关被拉了多少次取决于这盏灯的编号的数字有多少个不同的正约数,最后亮着的灯的编号只有为完全平方数.所以,只有编号为1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100的电灯最后是亮着的.

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