问题 实验题

某化学实验小组制备硫酸亚铁铵晶体并设计实验测定其组成,他们进行了以下实验。

Ⅰ.向FeSO4溶液中加入饱和(NH4)2SO4溶液,经过“一系列操作”后得到一种浅蓝绿色的硫酸亚铁铵晶体,这种晶体俗名“摩尔盐”,它比绿矾稳定得多。将摩尔盐低温烘干后,称取7.84 g加热至100 ℃失去结晶水,质量变为5.68 g。

Ⅱ.选择图所示的部分装置连接起来,检查气密性后,将上述5.68 g固体放入A装置的锥形瓶中,再向锥形瓶中加入足量NaOH浓溶液,充分吸收产生的气体并测出气体质量为0.68 g。

Ⅲ.向A中加入适量3%的H2O2溶液,充分振荡后滤出沉淀,洗净、干燥、灼烧后,测得其质量为1.6 g。

根据上述实验回答下列问题:

(1)实验Ⅰ中,“一系列操作”依次为________、________和过滤,要检验FeSO4溶液中是否含有Fe3常用的试剂是________。

(2)实验Ⅱ中,选择的装置是A接________接________(填代号),A装置中未使用分液漏斗的理由是____________________________________________________________

(3)向锥形瓶中加入NaOH溶液的操作方法是_________________________________________________________

吸收A中产生的气体所用试剂应是________;实验小组的同学为保证A中产生的气体被完全吸收,以准确测量其质量,他们在A中反应停止后再进行的操作是__________________________________________________________

(4)根据上述实验数据计算,此摩尔盐中,n(NH4+)∶n(Fe2)∶n(SO42)∶n(H2O)=____________。

答案

(1)蒸发浓缩 冷却结晶 KSCN溶液

(2)C D NaOH溶液对分液漏斗玻璃塞、旋塞的磨口腐蚀性强(或分液漏斗玻璃塞、旋塞处会被NaOH溶液腐蚀导致黏结)

(3)打开止水夹,缓慢推压注射器活塞 H2SO4溶液 用注射器向A中注入空气,使装置中的氨气全部进入吸收液

(4)2∶1∶2∶6

(1)由题意可知莫尔盐为硫酸亚铁铵晶体,受热易分解,不能采取将溶液加热蒸干的方法获取,故需要将溶液蒸发浓缩和冷却结晶两步操作;KSCN溶液遇Fe3显血红色。(2)实验制得的氨气中含有水蒸气,可以用碱石灰除去,所以先连接装置C;氨气极易溶于水,所以吸收时应防止倒吸,故选用D装置;NaOH可与玻璃反应生成黏性物质,所以不能用带玻璃塞或活塞的仪器盛放。(3)加入NaOH溶液时应注意先打开止水夹这一细节;氨气溶于水显碱性,所以用难挥发性酸溶液如硫酸溶液可充分吸收并可准确测量其质量;反应停止后应通入空气以使装置中残留的氨气全部进入吸收液。(4)由题意可知,7.84 g摩尔盐中含有H2O的质量为7.84 g-5.68 g=2.16 g,则n(H2O)=0.12 mol;NH3的质量为0.68 g,则n(NH4+)=0.04 mol;加入适量3%的H2O2溶液,充分振荡后滤出沉淀,洗净、干燥、灼烧后,得到Fe2O3,测得其质量为1.6 g,则n(Fe2O3)=0.01 mol,则7.84 g摩尔盐中含有的n(Fe2)=0.02 mol,m(Fe2)=1.12 g;则7.84 g摩尔盐中含有的m(SO42)=7.84 g-2.16 g-0.72 g-1.12 g=3.84 g,n(SO42)=0.04 mol,则此摩尔盐n(NH4+)∶n(Fe2)∶n(SO42)∶n(H2O)=2∶1∶2∶6。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Burkina Faso student teacher Hema Cecile has a lot more time to crack the books thanks to a recent initiative from the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The launch of the Lighting Africa program by the two organizations this year has made it possible for Cecile to swap kerosene lamps for a solar-powered LED lantern.

Lighting Africa is a $12 million project which intends to bring light to the poorest regions across sub-Saharan Africa. The program works with the lighting industry to develop clean, affordable lighting and energy solutions for millions without access to electric grids. Its aim is to accelerate the market and to develop education programs that inform off-grid populations currently dependent on costly, inefficient and hazardous fuel-based lighting about modern alternatives.

Cecile used to spend $3-4 a month on kerosene for her lamp. That is a large proportion of her earnings—like 70 percent of the population she lives on less than $2 a day. In the weeks since buying her lantern she has managed to read four books including Madame Bovary. by Gustave Flaubert and Emile Zola’s Germinal. She is among the most learned in a society which has the world’s lowest literacy rate, according to a 2007 UN Human Development Report. When she graduates next year she will teach in a local junior school She makes ends meet by holiday jobs as a cleaner and an IT trainer. To earn her daily ration of cornmeal she does shifts from May to September in a corn field.

The lanterns are designed to look like the kerosene ones they are replacing in order to increase adoption among the population. Each has a small solar panel on the top and costs an average $30, although some cost $100, depending on the size of the battery and the number of LED lights it contains.

Because of the large number of sunlight hours in Burkina Faso, the lamps can be relied on to work whenever needed. The battery life is 2-4 years, and can be replaced once they lose their storage capacity. The LED lights last 5-10 years.

Although it is barely out of its trial period the project, Chabanne said there are signs the project is a boon for the population in areas other than household savings and education. "There are fewer people reporting eye problems to the local hospital.

The word "swap" ( Line 4, Para. 1 ) most probably means ()

A. to exchange

B.to destroy

C.to invent

D. to copy