问题 选择题

读某地水平面的岩层分布图(从甲到丁岩层从老到新),回答题。

小题1:丁地的地质构造为

A.褶皱

B.向斜

C.背斜

D.断层小题2:关于图中各地的叙述,正确的是

A.甲为良好的储油构造

B.甲有利于储存地下水

C.修一南北向隧道应选址丁处

D.图中岩层为岩浆岩

答案

小题1:B

小题2:A

题目分析:

小题1:由图可知,甲地的岩层中间老两翼新,根据岩层的新老关系判断,甲地为背斜;丁地的岩层中间新两翼老,故丁地的地质构造为向斜。

小题2:甲为背斜,为良好的储油构造,修一南北向隧道应选址甲处,丁地向斜,有利于储存地下水,图中岩层具有层理构造,为沉积岩。

点评:本题难度中等,解答本题的关键是:(1)明确地质构造的判断方法。(2)熟练掌握地质构造规律的应用。

【方法技巧】地质构造

1.褶皱与断层的对比分析

地质构造褶皱断层
背斜向斜
判断方法从形态上岩层一般向上拱起岩层一般向下弯曲岩层受力断裂并沿断裂面有明显的相对位移。
从岩层新老关系上中心部分岩层较老,两翼部分岩层较新。中心部分岩层较新,两翼部分岩层较老。
图示
构造地貌未侵蚀地貌山岭谷地或盆地大断层常形成裂谷或陡崖,如东非大裂谷。地垒常形成块状山或高地,如华山、庐山、泰山;地堑常形成谷底或低地,如渭河谷地、汾河谷地,沿断层线常发育成沟谷,有时有泉、湖泊。
侵蚀后地貌谷地或盆地山岭
图示
2.地质构造规律的应用

地质构造规律有很强的实践性,对生产有指导作用。

(1)利用向斜构造找水:向斜构造有利于地下水补给,两翼的水向中间汇集,下渗形成地下水,故打井可在向斜槽部打。

(2)利用背斜找油:背斜是良好的储油构造。由于气最轻,分布于背斜顶部,水的密度大,分布由于底部,中间为石油。

(3)利用向斜、背斜确定钻矿位置:背斜顶部易被侵蚀,背斜岩层中的矿石很可能被搬运走了,因此岩层中若含有某种矿产如煤、铁矿等,往往保留在向斜部分的地下,钻矿或打井应在向斜构造处。

(4)利用断层找水:断层往往是地下水出露的地方。

(5)建筑、工程隧道选址:在断层地带搞大型工程易诱发断层活动,产生地震、滑坡、渗透等不良后果,造成建筑物塌陷,因此选址应避开断层。开凿隧道时应避开向斜部位,因为向斜是雨水的汇集区,隧道可能变为水道。

多项选择题
单项选择题

Eddie McKay, a once forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada.

It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKay’s name in a footnote in a book about university history. Mckay, was included in a list of university alumni who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broad’s glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. "After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case," said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view.

Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron as a WW1 flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But there’s more to his story. "For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world," says Broad. "He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time." Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane.

McKay’s war records were destroyed during World War Two air bombing on London-an explanation for why he was all but forgotten.

But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKay’s memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. "I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word ’deceased’ next to his name," said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. "This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.\

What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay()

A.A uniform of McKay.

B.A footnote about McKay.

C.A book on McKay.

D.A picture of McKay.