问题 问答题

如图所示,一带电粒子以速度v0沿上板边缘垂直于电场线射入匀强电场,它刚好贴着下板边缘飞出.已知匀强电场两极板长为l,间距为d,求:

(1)如果带电粒子的速度变为2v0,则离开电场时,沿场强方向偏转的距离y为多少?

(2)如果带电粒子的速度变为2v0,板长l不变,当它的竖直位移仍为d时,它的水平位移x为多少?(粒子的重力忽略不计)

答案

因为带电粒子在电场中做类平抛运动,受到的电场力与速度无关,所以a是一定的,则有

  l=v0t

  d=

1
2
at 2

 得到a=

2d
v20
l2

(1)由题,l=2v0t′

y=

1
2
at2=
1
2
?
2d
v20
l2
?(
l
2v0
)2
=
d
4

(2)如图所示:将速度反向延长交上板的中点,由三角形相似得

x′
1
2
l
=
3
4
d
1
4
d
,得到x′=1.5l

所以水平位移x=l+x′=2.5l

答:

(1)如果带电粒子的速度变为2v0,离开电场时,沿场强方向偏转的距离y=

d
4

(2)如果带电粒子的速度变为2v0,板长l不变,当它的竖直位移仍为d时,它的水平位移x为2.5l.

判断题
单项选择题 案例分析题

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ()

A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution

B.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline

C.still consider lead pollution a problem

D.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution