问题 问答题

如图所示,在以O为圆心,半径为R=10

3
cm的圆形区域内,有一个水平方向的匀强磁场,磁感应强度大小为B=0.10T,方向垂直纸面向外.竖直平行放置的两金属板A、K相距为d=20
3
mm,连在如图所示的电路中.电源电动势E=91V,内阻r=1.0Ω,定值电阻R1=10Ω,滑动变阻器R2的最大阻值为80Ω,S1、S2为A、K板上的两个小孔,且S1、S2跟O在竖直极板的同一直线上,OS2=2R,另有一水平放置的足够长的荧光屏D,O点跟荧光屏D点之间的距离为H=2R.比荷为2.0×105C/kg的正离子流由S1进入电场后,通过S2向磁场中心射去,通过磁场后落到荧光屏D上.离子进入电场的初速度、重力、离子之间的作用力均可忽略不计.

问:(1)请分段描述正离子自S1到荧光屏D的运动情况.

(2)如果正离子垂直打在荧光屏上,电压表的示数多大?

(3)调节滑动变阻器滑片P的位置,正离子到达荧光屏的最大范围多大?

答案

(1)正离子在两金属板间受到电场力而作匀加速直线运动,离开电场后做匀速直线运动,进入磁场后受到洛伦兹力而做匀速圆周运动,离开磁场后,离子又做匀速直线运动,直到打在荧光屏上.

(2)设离子由电场射出后进入磁场时的速度为v.因离子是沿圆心O的方向射入磁场,由对称性可知,离子射出磁场时的速度方向的反向延长线也必过圆心O.离开磁场后,离子垂直打在荧光屏上(图中的O′点),则离子在磁场中速度方向偏转了90°,由几何知识可知,离子在磁场中做圆周运动的半径

r′=R=10

3
cm①

设离子的电荷量为q、质量为m,进入磁场时的速度为v有

由qvB=m

v2
r′
r′=
mv
qB

设两金属板间的电压为U,离子在电场中加速,由动能定理有:

qU=

1
2
mv2

q
m
=2×105C/kg ④

由②③两式可得U=

B2r2q
2m

代入有关数值可得U=30V,也就是电压表示数为30V.

(3)因两金属板间的电压越小,离子经电场后获得的速度也越小,离子在磁场中作圆周运动的半径越小,射出电场时的偏转角越大,也就越可能射向荧光屏的左侧.

由闭合电路欧姆定律有,I=

E
R1+R2+r
=1A.

当滑动片P处于最右端时,两金属板间电压最大,为Umax=I(R1+R2)=90V

当滑动片P处于最左端时,两金属板间电压最小,为Umin=IR1=10V

两板间电压为Umin=10V时,离子射在荧光屏上的位置为所求范围的最左端点,由②③可解得离子射出电场后的速度大小为v1=2×103m/s,离子在磁场中做圆运动的半径为r1=0.1m.

此时粒子进入磁场后的径迹如图答2所示,O1为径迹圆的圆心,A点为离子能射到荧光屏的最左端点.由几何知识可得:

tan

α
2
=
r1
R
=
3
3
,所以α=60°

所以AO′=Htan(90°-α)=2×10

3
×
3
3
cm=20cm

而两板间电压为Umax=90V时,离子射在荧光屏上的位置为所求范围的最右端点,此时粒子进入磁场后的径迹如图答3所示,

同理由②③可解得离子射出电场后的速度大小为v1=6×103m/s,离子在磁场中做圆运动的半径为r1=0.3m,或直接由⑤式求得r2=0.3m

由几何知识可得tan

β
2
=
r2
R
=
3
即β=120°

所以O′B=Htan(β-90°)=2×10

3
×
3
3
cm=20cm

离子到达荧光屏上的范围为以O′为中点的左右两侧20cm.

答:(1)正离子自S1到荧光屏D的运动情况是正离子在两金属板间作匀加速直线运动,离开电场后做匀速直线运动,进入磁场后做匀速圆周运动,离开磁场后,离子又做匀速直线运动,直到打在荧光屏上.

(2)如果正离子垂直打在荧光屏上,电压表的示数30V.

(3)调节滑动变阻器滑片P的位置,正离子到达荧光屏的最大范围是以O′为中点的左右两侧20cm.

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完形填空 (共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将其涂黑。
IF and WHEN often had lunch together. Their conversation always  16 on the things they hoped to achieve and they loved to talk about them. 
This particular Saturday when they met for lunch, WHEN  17 IF wasn’t in a great mood(心情). After they sat at the usual table  18 for them, WHEN asked IF, “You don’t seem your usual  19  self?” IF replied,“Yesterday I saw a course I wanted to take. If only I  20  the time.”
WHEN knew exactly how IF felt and said, “I too saw a   21  and I’ m going to register when I get   22  money.” WHEN then questioned IF, “What about the new job you were going to apply for?” IF answered, “I would have applied, but my  23 broke down. I couldn’t type my resume(简历).”
“Don’t worry. I’ve been thinking about looking for another job also,  24  I’ll wait and when the weather gets  25  I will look then. I hate this awful weather.”
The man sitting nearby heard them talking about when this and if that. When he couldn’t 26  it anymore, he went to them and said, “I think I know  27  you could solve your problems.”
IF smiled and thought that even if he knew the  28  they faced, there was no way he could help!   29 , IF asked the man for advice. The man said, “Your conversation reminds me of an old   30 : IF and WHEN were planted, and nothing   31  .”
IF and WHEN both looked surprised and began to feel   32  of living their life for the “ifs” and “whens”. Finally they came to a(n)   33 : next time they met, there would be no “ifs” or “whens”; they would   34  talk about what they had  35 
小题1: A. agreed
小题2: A. sensed
B. centered
B. insisted
C. relied
C. declared
D. took
D. guessed
小题3:
A.cleaned
B.made
C.ordered
D.reserved
小题4:
A.sensitive
B.honest
C.cheerful
D.clumsy
小题5:
A.had
B.spent
C.seized
D.valued
小题6:
A.notice
B.job
C.course
D.chance
小题7:
A.lucky
B.pocket
C.enough
D.paper
小题8:
A.computer
B.fridge
C.camera
D.recorder
小题9:.
A.or
B.but
C.for
D.so
小题10:.
A.drier
B.colder
C.wilder
D.nicer
小题11: A. take
小题12: A. when
B. decline
B. where
C. support
C. why
D. watch
D. how
小题13:
A.changes
B.expenses
C.challenges
D.possibilities
小题14:
A.Anxiously
B.Curiously
C.Surprisingly
D.Stubbornly
小题15:
A.saying
B.story
C.habit
D.fiction
小题16:
A.rose
B.grew
C.removed
D.remained
小题17:
A.tired
B.proud
C.ashamed
D.aware
小题18:
A.ambition
B.conclusion
C.description
D.agreement
小题19:
A.even
B.only
C.still
D.thus
小题20:
A.discussed
B.promised
C.arranged
D.accomplished