问题 解答题

如图是动物细胞或植物细胞的结构示意图,请据图回答.

(1)这个细胞属于______细胞,作出此判断的依据是此细胞具有[______]______、[______]______和[______]______等结构.

(2)结构⑥的名称是______,它能利用太阳光能把水和二氧化碳等合成有机物.

(3)结构①的名称是______,它能将细胞内的有机物分解并释放能量,供给细胞的各种生命活动利用.

(4)结构⑤的名称是______,它是细胞中最重要的结构,对细胞的生命活动起着控制作用.

(5)葡萄中酸味物质存在于细胞中的[______]______中.

(6)若将细胞比作汽车,发动机是[______]______,燃料是______,燃烧后的废物是______.

答案

动物细胞与植物细胞的主要区别是,动物细胞中不含有细胞壁、叶绿体和液泡.植物细胞的基本结构包括细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞核、细胞质,细胞质含有叶绿体、线粒体和液泡.其中细胞质液态的,可以流动的,从而加速细胞内、外的物质交换;植物细胞的细胞质里面有液泡、叶绿体和线粒体.液泡内的细胞液中溶解着多种物质(如糖分等);细胞核是细胞的控制中心,在细胞的代谢、生长、分化中起着重要作用,是遗传物质的主要存在部位.

(1)由图可知,此细胞具有细胞壁、液泡和叶绿体而动物细胞不含有,是植物细胞所特有的.因此,图示的是植物细胞

(2)绿色植物通过叶绿体,利用光能,把二氧化碳和水转化成储存能量的有机物,并释放出氧气;故结构⑥的名称是叶绿体

(3)线粒体分解有机物,将有机物中储存的化学能释放出来供细胞利用,为细胞的生命活动提供能量;故结构①的名称是线粒体

(4)细胞核是细胞的控制中心,在细胞的代谢、生长、分化中起着重要作用,是遗传物质的主要存在部位.故结构⑤的名称是细胞核

(5)液泡里面含有细胞液,溶解着多种物质,有酸、甜、苦、辣等多种味道.

(6)植物细胞和动物细胞都含有线粒体.如果将细胞比作汽车,线粒体就相当于汽车的发动机.发动机靠燃料给汽车提供动力;线粒体则可使细胞中的一些有机物,经过复杂的变化,将其中储存的化学能释放出来,供细胞利用.叶绿体是植物细胞所特有的,能够将光能转变成化学能.液泡内的细胞液中溶解着多种物质. 

故答案为:(1)植物;②细胞壁;④液泡;⑥叶绿体;(2)叶绿体;(3)线粒体;(4)细胞核 (5)①;线粒体;有机物;二氧化碳和水

完形填空
A person may have a false idea about himself that will stop him from doing good work.
He may have the belief that he is unable to do it.A child may think he is  36  because he doesn’t understand how to make  37  use of his mental gifts.Old people may have a false idea that they are unable to learn things new because of their  38
A person who believes that he is stupid will not make a real  39  because he feels that it would be useless.He won’t go at a job with confidence necessary for  40 .Besides, he won’t work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so. 41 , he is likely to fail, and the failure will  42  his belief in his incompetence(无能) in turn.
Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had  43  like this.When he was a small boy, he had a poor 44  in maths.His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not  45  too much of him.In this way, his teacher and parents  46  the idea.He  47  their false judgment of his ability, feeling that it was useless to  48 .Then, he was very poor at maths,  49  as they expected.
But one day everything changed.He worked out a problem which  50  of the other students had been able to solve.He  51  in solving the problem which gave him confidence (信心).Soon he became especially good at  52
Alder now  53  with interest, determination and purpose.He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned it  54 , not too late.From his own experience, we can tell that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may  55  himself as well as others by his ability.
小题1:
A.cleverB.shyC.uselessD.stupid
小题2:
A.bigB.fullC.highD.great
小题3:
A.age B.abilityC.brain D.knowledge
小题4:
A.decision B.planC.effortD.promise
小题5:
A.workB.study C.improvementD.success
小题6:
A.TrulyB.ReallyC.HoweverD.Therefore
小题7:
A.lead to B.strengthenC.improveD.get rid of
小题8:
A.an experienceB.an exampleC.a thoughtD.a story
小题9:
A.stateB.mind C.startD.ending
小题10:
A.blameB.expectC.getD.win
小题11:
A.developedB.organizedC.discoveredD.found
小题12:
A.brokeB.refusedC.doubtedD.accepted
小题13:
A.manageB.argueC.tryD.act
小题14:
A.onlyB.almostC.justD.then
小题15:
A.noneB.all C.some D.most
小题16:
A.brokeB.succeededC.failedD.believed
小题17:
A.physicsB.medicineC.EnglishD.maths
小题18:
A.studies B.worksC.playsD.graduates
小题19:
A.earlyB.deeplyC.laterD.simply
小题20:
A.discourageB.loveC.surpriseD.disappoint
判断题