问题 问答题

如图所示的装置放置在真空中,炽热的金属丝可以发射电子,金属丝和竖直金属板之间加以电压U1=2500V,发射出的电子被加速后,从金属板上的小孔S射出.装置右侧有两个相同的平行金属极板水平正对放置,板长l=6.0cm,相距d=2cm,两极板间加以电压U2=200V的偏转电场.从小孔S射出的电子恰能沿平行于板面的方向由极板左端中间位置射入偏转电场.已知电子的电荷量e=1.6×10-19C,电子的质量m=0.9×10-30kg,设电子刚离开金属丝时的速度为0,忽略金属极板边缘对电场的影响,不计电子受到的重力.求:

(1)电子射入偏转电场时的动能Ek

(2)电子射出偏转电场时在竖直方向上的侧移量y;

(3)电子在偏转电场运动的过程中电场力对它所做的功W.

答案

(1)电荷量为e的电子从金属丝移动到金属板,两处的电势差为U1,电势能的减少量是eU1,减少的电势能全部转化为电子的动能,所以:

eU1=Ek

解得:

Ek=eU1=1.6×10-19×2500=4×10-16V

(2)电子在垂直于板面的方向受到静电力,由于电场不随时间改变,而且是匀强电场,所以整个运动过程中在垂直于板面的方向上加速度是不变的,做匀加速直线运动,加速度是:

a=

F
m
=
eU2
md

电子射出电场时,在垂直于板面方向偏移的距离为:

y=

1
2
at2

其中t为飞行时间,由于电子在平行于板面的方向不受力,所以这个方向上做匀速运动,由 l=v0t可求得:

t=

l
v0

将a和t代入y的表达式中,得到:

y=

1
2
eU2
md
•(
l
v0
)2

将Ek=

1
2
m
v20
代入得:

y=

U2l2
4dU1

代入数值后,得:

y=

200×0.062
4×0.02×2500
=0.0036m=0.36cm

即电子射出电场时沿垂直于板面方向偏移的距离0.36cm;

(3)电子在偏转电场运动的过程中电场力对它所做的功为:

W=qEy=

qU2y
d
=
1.6×10-19×200×0.0036
0.02
=5.76×10-18J

答:(1)电子射入偏转电场时的动能为4×10-16J;

(2)电子射出偏转电场时在竖直方向上的侧移量y为0.36cm;

(3)电子在偏转电场运动的过程中电场力对它所做的功W为4×10-16J.

阅读理解

In China, people talk about “Shuxiang”, which is very interesting. For example, 2006 is a “dog year”, and when a baby is born in this year, we say he or she is a little dog. Shuxiang usually brings people good luck. There are 12 animals below.

 social, having rich feelings, friendly but complaining

 hard, ordered, but keeping old

 brave, confident, but careless

 peaceful, having a good manner, a business head but cold emotion

 active, outgoing, popular but selfish

 fascinating(迷人的), thoughtful, but doubtful

 active, self-confident, wise but proud and angry

 kind, helpful, elegant but sad

 wide, clever, warm, unsatisfied but slick(圆滑的)

 confident, helpful, happy, but dressy

 realistic, loyal(忠诚的), practical

 hard, honest, simple, lucky but careless

6. When a baby is born in 2008, we can say he or she is a little     .

A. pig             B. rat             C. tiger       D. snake

7. If we call a boy a little horse, when was he born?

A. In 1998.       B. In 2000.    C. In 2002.    D. In 2004.

8. Mr Lu, our English teacher, was born in 1976, a dragon year. Can you choose the right description of his characteristics?

A. He is a active, self-confident, resourceful but proud and angry

B. He is kind, helpful, artistic but sad

C. He is active, outgoing, popular but selfish

D. He is fascinating, thoughtful but dressy and doubtful

9. If someone is brave, confident but careless, we can guess he was born in a    year.

A. rat            B. dog         C. horse       D. tiger

10. Which of the following is not true?

A. In China, when me talk about “Shuxiang”, it means twelve animals.

B. From the passage, we can know 2010 is a hare year.

C. Shuxiang perhaps brings you good luck, but we shouldn’t believe it.

D. A cock year always comes after a monkey year.

问答题 简答题