问题 论述题

(28分)党的十八届三中全会指出,完善城镇化健康发展体制机制,走中国特色城镇化道路。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一

    

注:目前,中等发达国家和地区的城市化率是85%,西方发达国家的城市化率都在95%左右,美国是97%。

(1)材料一反映了哪些经济信息。(4分)

材料二 

近年来,国家采取了一系列政策,有效解决了一些农民工问题。但农民工离真正市民化仍存在不少突出问题:一是个别地方违背农民意愿强行赶农民进城上楼;二是农民工公共服务不完善,不能真正平等享受城市基本公共服务;三是就业和劳动权益保障不充分。企业转型升级带来的挤出效应,使农民工特别是新生代农民工的稳定就业面临很大难题,劳动合同签订率低,劳动安全防护水平不高,恶意拖欠工资时有发生等。 

(2)结合材料二,运用经济生活的有关知识,说明政府应如何推进农民工市民化。(12分)

材料三 

北京在城市化进程中取得重要进展,但也出现了自身难以克服的难题,推进京津冀协同发展是必由之路。2014年2月27日,习 * * 指出,实现京津冀协同发展,是面向未来打造新的首都经济圈、推进区域发展体制机制创新的需要,是探索完善城市群布局和形态、为优化开发区域发展提供示范和样板的需要,是探索生态文明建设有效路径、促进人口经济资源环境相协调的需要,是实现京津冀优势互补、促进环渤海经济区发展、带动北方腹地发展的需要,是一个重大国家战略。

(3)运用“思想方法和创新意识”的有关知识,分析材料三习 * * 关于实现京津冀协同发展重要性的论述所体现的哲学道理。(12分)

答案

(1)表一表明2002—2013年,我国城镇化率不断提高,但与发达国家相比还存在较大差距,城镇化水平还不高;(2分)表二表明随着我国城镇化水平的提高,城镇就业人员总数不断上升,乡村就业人员总数不断下降,城镇就业人员占总就业的比重显著提高。(2分)

(2)①要尊重市场规律,发挥市场在农业人口市民化过程中的决定性作用,尊重农民意愿。(3分)②要加强宏观调控,发挥财政的作用,建立健全社会保障体系和公共服务体系,让农民工真正平等享受城市基本公共服务。(3分)③要严格执行劳动合同法,规范企业用工行为,切实保障农民工获得劳动安全防护和按时足额获得工资等合法权益,(3分)④实施积极的就业政策,鼓励服务业发展,促进就业。(3分)

(3)①坚持辩证否定观,推动制度创新。实现京津冀协同发展,是推进区域发展体制机制创新的需要。(3分)②联系具有普遍性,事物的普遍联系推动事物的变化发展。实现京津冀协同发展,是促进人口经济资源环境相协调的需要,是实现京津冀优势互补、促进环渤海经济区发展、带动北方腹地发展的需要。(3分)③矛盾普遍性和特殊性是相互联结的。实现京津冀协同发展是为优化开发区域发展提供示范和样板的需要。(3分)④整体和部分的辩证关系要求我们搞好局部,使整体功能得到最大发挥。优化区域开发,实现京津冀协同发展,能打造新的首都经济圈。(3分)

(若回答出“一切事物都是变化发展的,发展的实质是新事物的产生和旧事物的灭亡” 可酌情给分,但总分不能超过本题的满分12分。)

题目分析:

(1)图表题,首先,抓好图表的标题;其次,抓好图表内容,能横比的就横比,能纵比的就纵比,突出“变”和“异”;接着将图表语言转化为文字;最后千万别忘记注解。表一反映了2002—2013年,我国城镇化率不断提高,但与发达国家相比还存在较大差距,城镇化水平还不高;表二反映了随着我国城镇化水平的提高,城镇就业人员总数不断上升,乡村就业人员总数不断下降,城镇就业人员占总就业的比重显著提高。

(2)知识范围是经济生活,行为主体是政府。政府在推进农民工市民化过程中要尊重市场规律,尊重农民意愿;要加强宏观调控;要严格执行劳动合同法,规范企业用工行为,切实保障农民工合法权益;要实施积极的就业政策,鼓励服务业发展,促进就业。

(3)要明确“思想方法和创新意识”包含的知识内容。实现京津冀协同发展,是推进区域发展体制机制创新的需要,体现了辩证否定观;实现京津冀协同发展,是促进人口经济资源环境相协调的需要,是实现京津冀优势互补、促进环渤海经济区发展、带动北方腹地发展的需要,体现了联系具有普遍性;实现京津冀协同发展是为优化开发区域发展提供示范和样板的需要,体现了矛盾普遍性和特殊性是相互联结的;优化区域开发,实现京津冀协同发展,能打造新的首都经济圈,体现了整体和部分的辩证关系。

阅读理解

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.

“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d pushed,” she says. “I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ‘No, we don’t push.’” What happened next was unexpected.

“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says, “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for blaming her child. All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted and hurt other children?”

Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a hidden danger.

In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.

“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as a mirror of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving improperly, then that’s somehow a criticism(批评) of me.”

In those situations, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two opinions.

“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. “Usually a quiet reminder that ‘we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids have antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel careless, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.

This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents and ask them to deal with it,” she says.   

Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Start with something like: ‘I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’” 

小题1:What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?

A.Make an apology

B.Come over to stop her

C.Blame her own boy

D.Take her own boy away小题2:What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?

A.It’s important not to hurt them in any way

B.It’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing

C.It’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids

D.It’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble小题3:According to professor Naomi White, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel ______.

A.discouraged

B.hurt

C.puzzled

D.affected小题4: What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew Fuller?

A.Talk to them directly in a mild way

B.Complain to their parents politely

C.Simply leave them alone

D.Punish them lightly

单项选择题 A1/A2型题