问题 问答题

如图所示,AB为固定在竖直平面内粗糙倾斜轨道,BC为光滑水平轨道,CD为固定在竖直平面内的光滑圆弧轨道,且AB与BC通过一小段光滑弧形轨道相连,BC与弧CD相切.已知AB长为L=10m,倾角θ=37°,BC长s=

35
9
m,CD弧的半径为R=
25
12
m,O为其圆心,∠COD=143°.整个装置处在水平向左的匀强电场中,电场强度大小为E=1×103N/C.一质量为m=0.4kg、电荷量为q=+3×10-3C的物体从A点以初速度vA=15m/s沿AB轨道开始运动.若物体与轨道AB间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.2,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8,g=10m/s2,物体运动过程中电荷量不变.求

(1)物体在AB轨道上运动时,重力和电场力对物体所做的总功;

(2)物体能否到达D点;

(3)物体离开CD轨道后运动的最高点相对于O点的水平距离x和竖直距离y.

答案

(1)物体所受重力和电场力的合力大小为

F=

(mg)2+(qE)2
=5N,

设合力与竖直方向的夹角为α,则tanα=

qE
F
=
3
5

解得,α=37°,

由几何知识得知,重力和电场力的合力与斜面AB垂直,所以物体在轨道AB上运动时重力和电场力对物体做的总功为W=0.

(2)D点为CD轨道上的等效最高点,设物体能到D点,其速度为vD

对物体由A到D的过程,由动能定理得

-μFL-qE(s+Rsinα)-mg(R+Rcosα)=

1
2
m
v2D
-
1
2
m
v2A

设物体刚能到D点时速度为v0

由牛顿第二定律得

F=m

v20
R

解得v0>vD

因此物体不能到达D点.

(3)物体刚要离开轨道时轨道对物体的弹力为零,设此时物体位置与O点连线与竖直方向的夹角为β,物体的速度为v

由牛顿第二定律得

mgcosβ+qEsinβ=m

v2
R

-μFL-qE(s+Rsinβ)-mg(R+Rcosβ)=

1
2
mv2-
1
2
m
v2A

解得,v=5m/s,sinβ=0.8

物体离开轨道时做斜上抛运动,水平方向做匀速直线运动,竖直方向做竖直上抛运动,设物体到达最高点的时间为t,

则有

vsinβ=gt,得t=0.4s

物体运动的最高点相对于O点的水平距离x=vcosβt+

1
2
qE
m
t2-Rsinβ=
2
15
m

和竖直距离y=

1
2
vsinβt+Rcosβ=2.05m

答:

(1)物体在AB轨道上运动时,重力和电场力对物体所做的总功是0;

(2)物体不能到达D点;

(3)物体离开CD轨道后运动的最高点相对于O点的水平距离x是

2
15
m,竖直距离y是2.05m.

阅读理解

B
Imperial College
London    
Tanaka Business School
10 New Professors,Readers,Senior Lectures or Lecturers (讲师)
Imperial College is among the top ten universities of the world,according to the 2006
Times Higher Education   
Having doubled its size in the last 4 years and hired world—class scholars during that period。Imperial’s Tanaka Business School wishes to make a further 10academic appointments in its drive to become a leading research—led business school.Only applicantswho have published in top international magazines will be considered. Excellent ones from any field of management are welcome,but the school particularly wishes to appointin the fields of marketing,technology management and healthcare. International salaries will be offered.
An application form and further details may be downloaded from www.imperial.ac. uk/
tanaka(About Us,job opportunities).
An application form,2 of your best papers should be sent to
 
60.Why 10 appointments are to be made?
A.To teach some new subjects
B.To guide students in reading
C.To make Imperial College among the top 10 universities of the world
D.To make Tanaka Business School a leading research –led business school
61.“Readers”in the 4th line mean         .
A.school newspaper editors               B.librarians
C.senior university teachers               D.college graduates
62.Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the passage?
A.Imperial College is a business school
B.Imperial College is a famous university in the world
C.Imperial College is very strict with job hunters
D.Imperial College offers good salary
63.According to the passage , if one wants to apply for a job in Imperial College, he/she should
_______ .
A.post all the material before 2 April 2007              B.prepare enough personal material in ink
C.write 2 essays                                             D.first visit www.imperial.ac.uk/tanaka
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