问题 填空题

锂离子电池的广泛应用使回收利用锂资源成为重要课题.某研究性小组对废旧锂离子电池正极材料(图中简称废料,成份为LiMn2O4、碳粉和铝箔)进行资源回收研究,设计实验流程如下:

已知:Li2SO4、LiOH和Li2CO3在303K下的溶解度分别为34.2g、12.7g和1.3g.

(1)废料在用NaOH溶液浸取之前需要进行粉碎操作,其目的是______.

(2)写出生成沉淀X的离子方程式______.

(3)写出反应②的化学反应方程式______.

(4)反应③在实际操作中采用加入过量的Na2CO3固体而不是Na2CO3溶液,这样做的目的是______,操作过滤Ⅲ分离出滤渣Li2CO3后所得滤液中的主要成份为______.(写化学式)

答案

第一步就是铝溶解在氢氧化钠溶液中(注意LiMn2O4不溶于水)生成四羟基合铝酸钠,即滤液的主要成分,第二步就是四羟基合铝酸钠与二氧化碳反应生成氢氧化铝沉淀和碳酸氢钠的过程,第三步是LiMn2O4在酸性环境下能被空气中的氧气氧化发生的氧化还原反应,得到的滤液中有生成的硫酸锂,可能有过量的硫酸,最后一步加入碳酸钠之后所得的滤液主要成分为硫酸钠;

(1)粉碎废料,能增大废料与氢氧化钠溶液的接触面积,加快反应速率.

故答案为:增大接触面积,加快反应速率.

(2)四羟基合铝酸钠与过量二氧化碳反应得产物是Al(OH)3沉淀和碳酸氢钠,

所以离子方程式为:CO2+AlO2-+2H2O=Al(OH)3↓+HCO3-

故答案为:CO2+AlO2-+2H2O=Al(OH)3↓+HCO3-

(3)在酸性环境下,LiMn2O4能被空气中的氧气氧化,生成二氧化锰、硫酸锂和水,所以化学方程式为:

4LiMn2O4+2H2SO4+O2=8MnO2+2Li2SO4+2H2O.

故答案为:4 LiMn2O4+2 H2SO4+O2=8MnO2+2 Li2SO4+2H2O.

(4)碳酸钠溶液中含有水,能增大碳酸锂的溶解,而使溶液中的锂离子沉淀不完全,所以用碳酸钠固体不用碳酸钠溶液;通过上面分析知,最后所得滤液中的主要成分为硫酸钠.

故答案为:使溶液中的Li+沉淀完全,减少Li2CO3的溶解,Na2SO4

填空题
阅读理解

Everybody has one of those days when everything goes wrong. This is what happened to Harry.

He got up one morning very late because he had forgotten to wind up his alarm clock(闹钟). He tried to shave(刮脸)quickly and cut himself. When he got dressed he got blood all over his clean shirt, so he had to find another one. The only other shirt that was clean needed ironing(熨), so he ironed it. While he was ironing it, there was a knock at the door. It was the man to read the electricity meter(表). He showed him where the meter was, said good-bye and found that the iron had burnt a hole in his shirt. So he had to wear the one with the blood on it after all. By this time it was very late, so he decided he couldn’t go to work by bus. He telephoned for a taxi to take him to work. The taxi arrived and Harry got in and began to read the newspaper.

In another part of the town, a man had killed a woman with a knife and was seen to run away in a taxi. When Harry’s taxi stopped outside his office, a policeman happened to be standing there. He saw the blood on Harry’s shirt, and took him to the police station. He was kept till 3 o’clock in the afternoon before the police were sure that he was not the man they wanted. When he finally arrived at the office at about four, his boss took a look at him and told him to go away and find another job.

小题1:Harry had __________.

A.a lucky day

B.an unlucky day

C.a busy day

D.a good day小题2:Put the following sentences into correct order according to the passage.

a. The man who read the electricity meter came.

b. Harry ironed his shirt.

c. Harry got blood all over his clean shirt.

d. There was a knock at the door.

e. Harry wore the shirt with blood on it.

A.a, b, c, d, e

B.b, a, d, c, e

C.b, a, c, d, e

D.c, b, d, a, e小题3:Why did Harry wear the shirt with blood on it?

A.The iron had burnt a hole in his clean shirt.

B.The only other needed ironing.

C.He had only one shirt.

D.He cut himself and got blood all over his shirt.小题4:Harry was taken to the police station because __________.

A.his taxi stopped outside his office and a policeman happened to be there

B.there was blood on his shirt and he was in a taxi

C.a man killed a woman with a knife

D.the murderer(杀人犯)was seen to run a away in a taxi小题5:His boss told him to go away and find another job because __________.

A.he had been kept by the police

B.there was blood on his shirt

C.he was late for work

D.he had killed a woman