问题 问答题

已知粗铜中含有少量的锌、铁、银、金等金属和少量矿物杂质(与酸不不反应).某化学兴趣小组在实验室条件下用以硫酸铜溶液为电解液,用电解的方法实现了粗铜的提纯,并对阳极泥和电解液中金属进行回收和含量测定.

步骤一:电解精制:

请回答以下问题:

Ⅰ.电解时,粗铜应与电源的______极相连.阴极上的电极反应式为______

电解过程中,硫酸铜的浓度会变小,原因是锌,铁与硫酸铜发生置换反应.

步骤二:电解完成后,该小组同学按以下流程对电解液进行处理:

(1)阳极泥的综合利用:

Ⅱ.稀硝酸处理阳极泥得到硝酸银稀溶液,请你写出该步反应的化学方程式:______

残渣含有极少量的黄金,如何回收金,他们查阅了有关资料,了解到了一些有关金的知识,以下是他们获取的一些极其重要的信息:

序号反应平衡常数
Au+6HNO3(浓)⇌Au(NO33+3NO2+3H2O<<1
Au3++4Cl-⇌AuCl4->>1
Ⅲ.从平衡常数的大小可知,金很难与硝酸反应,但却可溶于王水(浓硝酸与盐酸按体积比1:3的混合物),请你简要解释金能够溶于王水的原因:______

(2)滤液含量的测定:

以下是该小组探究滤液的一个实验流程:

Ⅳ.则100mL滤液中Cu2+ 的浓度为______mol•L-1

Ⅴ.则100mL滤液中Fe2+的浓度为______mol•L-1

答案

Ⅰ、在电解精炼铜时,阳极反应是金属锌、铁、镍等先失电子,阴极上是铜离子得电子产生铜,精铜做阴极,粗铜作阳极,故答案为:正;Cu2++2e=Cu;

金属银可以和稀硝酸反应生成硝酸银、一氧化氮和水,即3Ag+4H++NO3-=3Ag++NO↑+2H2O,故答案为:3Ag+4H++NO3-=3Ag++NO↑+2H2O;

Ⅲ、根据表中的信息,Au+6HNO3(浓)=Au(NO33+3NO2↑+3H2O,并且Au3++4Cl-=AuCl4-,在王水中,含有浓硝酸和浓盐酸,浓盐酸含有大量氯离子,Au3+离子与氯离子形成稳定的AuCl4-离子,使反应2平衡向右移动,则金溶于王水中,故答案为:浓盐酸含有大量氯离子,Au3+离子与氯离子形成稳定的AuCl4-离子,使反应②平衡向右移动,则金溶于王水中;

(2)Ⅳ、100mL的滤液中含有亚铁离子、铜离子、锌离子,当加入足量的金属Fe以后,会将金属铜全部置换出来,所以生成的3.2g金属是Cu,所以铜离子的浓度c=

n
V
=
0.05mol
0.1L
=0.5 mol/L,故答案为:0.5;

Ⅴ、亚铁离子和氢氧化钠反应生成氢氧化亚铁,在空气中更易被氧化为氢氧化铁,受热分解生成的氧化铁的质量是4.8g,根据原子守恒,亚铁离子的物质的量是:

4.8g
160g/mol
×2=0.06mol,所以亚铁离子的浓度c=
n
V
=
0.06mol
0.1L
=0.6mol/L,故答案为;0.6.

选择题
完形填空
完形填空。
     I still don't believe in ghosts even after my experience at the Rose Inn.   1   I have never seen one. But
stories have made me feel   2   since then. I arrived at the inn late at night and asked the landlord for a room.
     "There is nothing left," he said, "  3   you'd like to sleep in Number 7."
     "Why not?" I said. "What's   4   it? I am   5   that I would sleep   6  ."
     "Nothing," he said slowly, "but something happened there a few months ago."
     Every old inn has its own strange stories, so I thought that   7   he told me about it, the better. I was
willing to listen to anything for a room to   8  .
     "A man came here late at night   9   you." the landlord said, "I thought there was something strange about
him because he kept  10  while he was signing his name in the book. He asked me  11  room he could have
and I offered him No.7.'  12  a man who has said he'll  13  me,' he said suddenly, 'with a knife.' He looked so
frightened that I thought I had better  14  him to his room. I closed the door and left him  15 . The next day
we found him dead, with a knife beside him. He had cut his throat." The landlord said, "Or  16  had done it.
Do you  17  sleeping there now you know the story?" 
     "Well," I said, "no one is  18  me. But I wish you had told me the story  19 . As it is, I'll sleep here on the
floor in the bar if you have a couple of  20 ."
( )1. A. Because      
( )2. A. natural      
( )3. A. unless        
( )4. A. the price     
( )5. A. so tired      
( )6. A. somewhere     
( )7. A. the later     
( )8. A. rest          
( )9. A. like          
( )10. A. looking after  
( )11. A. what          
( )12. A. There's      
( )13. A. harm        
( )14. A. invite        
( )15. A. by himself   
( )16. A. whoever       
( )17. A. like          
( )18. A. tricking     
( )19. A. at night       
( )20. A. chairs        
B. Of course    
B. unsafe      
B. if           
B. wrong with   
B. so hurt      
B. anywhere    
B. the quicker   
B. live in      
B. with        
B. looking into  
B. which        
B. He's        
B. punish      
B. take        
B. for himself   
B. nobody      
B. mind         
B. following     
B. at once       
B. blankets    
C. At all        
C. brave          
C. since         
C. the matter    
C. very weak     
C. nowhere        
C. the sooner     
C. lie down      
C. behind        
C. look ing over  
C. whose          
C. It's         
C. frighten      
C. bring          
C. at himself    
C. anybody        
C. permit        
C. killing        
C. in time        
C. books          
D. Though              
D. uncomfortable       
D. whether             
D. strange for         
D. too worried         
D. everywhere          
D. the slower          
D. go to               
D. because of          
D. looking back         
D. whether               
D. That's           
D. kill                
D. allow               
D. to himself          
D. someone else        
D. promise             
D. frightening         
D. in the morning      
D. swords