问题 问答题

某化学小组采用下图装置模拟电解饱和食盐水制备氢气,通过氢气还原氧化铜测定Cu的相对原子质量,同时检验氯气的氧化性(图中夹持和加热仪器已经略去).

(1)写出装置甲中反应的离子方程式______.为完成上述实验,正确的连按方式为a连接______,b连接______(填字母).

(2)①装置乙烧杯中液体的作用是______.A瓶内盛装的溶液最好是______(填字母).

a.I2-淀粉溶液b.NaOH溶液    c.FeCl2与KSCN混合溶液d.Na2SO3溶液

②加热装置丙中的氧化铜粉末之前,除了要检查该装置的气密性还需进行的必要操作是______.

(3)利用装置丙测定Cu的相对原子质量,现有两种方案:①测得反应前后洗气瓶B及其中液体质量差m1,②测得反应前后U形管及其中固体质量差m2.你认为合理的方案为______(填“①”或“②”).若采用测得反应后硬质玻璃管中剩余固体的质量m3的方案,已知O的相对原子质量为16,实验中氧化铜样品质量为m,则测定Cu的相对原子质量的表达式为______,该方案在反应后硬质玻璃管冷却过程中没有一直通氢气,会导致测定Cu韵相对原子质量______(填“偏大”、“偏小”或“无影响”),理由是______.

答案

(1)电解饱和食盐水时,阳极上氯离子放电生成氯气,阴极上氢离子放电生成氢气,溶液中同时生成氢氧根离子,所以电解反应离子方程式为2Cl-+2H2O

电解
.
2OH-+H2↑+Cl2↑,要检验氯气的氧化性,则氯气连接强还原性的物质且反应现象要明显,故选c,用氢气还原氧化铜来检验氢气,因为电解得到的氢气中含有水蒸气,所以在实验前要除去水蒸气,故选e,

故答案为:2Cl-+2H2O

电解
.
2OH-+H2↑+Cl2↑;e;c;

(2)①氯气有毒,不能直接排空,氯气和水反应生成酸,所以氯气可以用碱性物质来处理,所以装置乙烧杯中液体的作用是吸收多余的氯气,防止环境污染;

氯气具有强氧化性,能氧化强还原性的物质,要检验氯气,必须选用强还原性的物质且反应现象明显,

a.氯气能氧化碘而使溶液褪色,氯气和水反应生成的次氯酸也能使溶液褪色,所以无法证明氯气的氧化性,故不选;

b.氯气和氢氧化钠溶液反应生成氯化钠和次氯酸钠,反应现象不明显,故不选;   

c.氯气能把亚铁离子氧化成三价铁离子,铁离子和硫氰化钾溶液反应生成血红色溶液,反应现象明显,且能检验氯气的氧化性,故选;

d.氯气能氧化亚硫酸钠生成硫酸钠,但反应前后溶液颜色不变,反应现象不明显,故不选;

故答案为:吸收多余的氯气,防止环境污染;c;

②氢气是可燃性气体,与氧气混合,加热容易发生爆炸危险,加热氧化铜之前要通入氢气排尽装置内空气,故答案为:通入氢气排尽装置内空气;

(3)①中质量的差量是氢气还原氧化铜得到的物质,与铜有关,所以能计算铜的相对原子质量,②中质量的差量是氢气中原来的水蒸气,与铜无关,所以不能计算铜的相对原子质量,故选①;

硬质玻璃管中的质量差是氧元素的质量=m-m3

设铜的相对原子质量为x,

CuO------O

1 16

m
x+16
m-m3

x=

16m3
m-m3

反应生成的铜被空气的氧气氧化使m3数据增大,则

16m3
m-m3
偏大,所以导致测定结果偏大,

故答案为:①;

16m3
m-m3
;偏大;反应生成的铜被空气的氧气氧化使m3数据增大,导致测定结果偏大.

单项选择题
完形填空

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.  There is one extra heading which you do not need.

(D)

A. Value of rare skills

B. Dangerous jobs paid more

C. Social demand decides reward

D. Developing skills

E. Women’s skills rewarded

F. Reason for taking low-paying jobs

1. _________________________

The rewards of a skill that is in strictly limited supply depend upon the demand for that skill. Men’s professional basketball is extremely popular, and the top NBA players make millions of dollars per year. There are some great women basketball players, too, but because women’s professional basketball has not become popular, these women’s skills go comparatively unrewarded.

2. _________________________

Some people with very rare skills can make enormous salaries in a free market economy. Paula Abdel has a voice that millions of people are willing to pay to hear in person, and on tapes, CDs, records, and videos. Before Pablo Picasso died, he could sell small sketches for vast sums of money. Were they worth it? They were worth exactly what the highest bidder (出价人) was willing to pay.

3. _________________________

Not all skills are inborn, however. Some people have invested in training and schooling to improve their knowledge and skills. When we go to school, we are investing in human capital that we expect to yield dividends, partly in the form of higher wages, later on. Human capital is also produced through on-the-job training.

4. _________________________

Some jobs are more desirable than others. Entry-level positions in attractive industries such as publishing and television tend to be low-paying. Since talented people are willing to take entry-level jobs in these industries at salaries below what they could earn in other occupations, there must be other, non-wage rewards. It may be that the job itself is more personally rewarding, or that a low-paying apprenticeship is the only way to acquire the human capital necessary to advance.

5. _________________________

On the other hand, compensating differentials are required when an occupation is very dangerous. Workers on skyscrapers and bridges command additional wages. Fire fighters in cities that have many old, run-down buildings are usually paid more than those in relatively tranquil rural or suburban areas.

SectionD

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.