问题 问答题 论述题

试述支饮的辨证论治。

答案

参考答案:(1)支饮主证:咳逆倚息,短气不得卧,其形如肿,兼有恶寒发热等表证。饮停部位:胸肺。病机:外寒引动内饮,饮邪郁肺。治法:解外寒而除内饮。方用小青龙汤(麻黄、芍药、五味子、干姜、半夏、细辛、桂枝、炙甘草)。

(2)支饮痞坚,虚实错杂证治――其人喘满,心下痞坚,面色黧黑,其脉沉紧,得之数十日,经吐下不愈。虚者:兼见上气而渴,小便不利,其形如肿等症。当心下痞坚可虚软者即愈。病机:气虚与饮热互结,饮逆迫肺,心阳不布,气机不利。治法:补虚清热,通阳利水。方用木防己汤(木防己、石膏、桂枝、人参)。

实者:服用木防己汤后,心下痞坚不解者。病机:饮停气阻,坚结成实。治法:行水散结、消坚补虚。方用木防己汤去石膏加茯苓芒硝汤(木防己、桂枝、人参、芒硝、茯苓)。

(3)支饮腹满――咳逆倚息,短气不得卧,腹满,大便秘结等症。病机:饮热郁肺,腑气不通。治法:疏导肠胃,荡涤实邪。方用厚朴大黄汤(厚朴、大黄、枳实)。

(4)支饮不得息――呼吸困难,张口抬肩,胸满,咳喘不得卧,口吐清涎等症。病机:支饮阻肺,气机不利。治法:泻肺逐饮。方用葶苈大枣泻肺汤(葶苈子、大枣)。

(5)支饮久病邪实――久嗽不止,正气未虚。病机:胸肺支饮,久留不去,饮阻气道,心肺俱病。治法:攻逐水饮,祛除病根。方用十枣汤(甘遂、大戟、芫花、大枣)。

完形填空

Robeson was born in a very poor family.At seven,he had to pick coal in a deserted mine near his home,then he sold  26  he had picked and earned a few coins to help his parents.He had

  27  schooling,for being so poor,how could they   28   school fees?

When he was fifteen,he worked   29  a servant in a school.Looking at other children studying in the classroom,he felt  30  for himself.How he   31   to have the same chance!He decided to study by  32  .In the daytime,after the sweeping and cleaning was over,he   33  

stand by the window outside the classroom trying to catch what the teacher said.At night,he tried his best to remember what he   34  during the day.He worked   35  hard at his lessons that he sometimes had just three or four hours to sleep.The more he learned,the greater  36  he showed in his lessons.A maths teacher discovered him and came to like this diligent boy and  37  him to sit at the back of the class.In one exam,he was the  38  one in the whole school who reached the highest grade.He would have been given the scholarship if he   39  a regular student of the school.

Robeson  40  rough six long years with his study of maths and wrote several articles which captured the  41  of some university professors.They admired his talent  42  his diligence.To give him a good chance,they hired him as a librarian and  43   him free guidance.Robeson felt  44  ,for he was sure that before him there was a broad road   45  success.

26.A.whether                B.which                       C.that                           D.what

27.A.many                   B.few                           C.little                         D.much

28.A.buy                      B.afford                       C.send                          D.read

29.A.as                        B.like                           C.for                            D.by

30.A.angry                   B.ashamed                    C.proud                        D.sorry

31.A.hated                    B.decided                     C.wished                      D.regretted

32.A.the teacher            B.himself                            C.his parents                 D.his schoolmates

33.A.could                   B.ought to                    C.should                       D.would

34.A.had learned                                              B.has been taught

C.has heard                                                      D.had been written down

35.A.very                            B.so                             C.too                           D.quite

36.A.joy                       B.interest                      C.time                          D.taste

37.A.allowed                B.agreed                      C.let                                   D.refused

38.A.worst                   B.only                          C.last                           D.laziest

39.A.had been               B.has been                    C.is                              D.was

40.A.learned                 B.listened                     C.mastered                   D.struggled

41.A.notice                   B.influence                   C.eyes                          D.attention

42.A.except for             B.according to                     C.as well as                  D.in spite of

43.A.taught                  B.offered                      C.lent                           D.sent

44.A.sad                       B.angry                        C.happy                       D.disappointed

45.A.leading to             B.coming from             C.made of                    D.covered with

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