问题 填空题

2003年12月23日晚,位于重庆开县的一口天然气钻井,由于违规操作引发严重的井喷事故,夹杂着大量硫化氢(H2S)气体的天然气山呼海啸般冲出井口,弥漫在周围方圆数千米的山地地面上,无情地夺去了来不及逃生的243名村民的生命.根据专家意见,在井喷封堵之前,先点燃井喷气体使其中的H2S转变为SO2,以减轻毒害作用.随后,抢险人员成功封堵井喷,井喷地区还出现了降雨,也促进了污染消除.试围绕以上描述,回答下列问题:

(1)天然气中最主要的成分是______.

(2)点燃井喷气体,其中H2S转为SO2的化学方程式为:______.

(3)根据事故描述可推知H2S具有的一些性质(至少答3条)

①______②______③______

(4)试提出遇到此类事故时应采取的逃生措施(至少答3条)

①______

②______

③______.

答案

(1)天然气中最主要成分为甲烷;

(2)硫化氢燃烧生成二氧化硫和水,化学方程式为:2H2S+3O2

 点燃 
.
 
2SO2+2H2O;

(3)根据事故描述可推知:H2S是气体,密度比空气大,可溶于水,有毒可以氧气反应等;

(4)根据硫化氢的性质:密度比空气大,有毒,可溶于水等性质,采取的逃生措施为:在逃离现场时,应向高处(山顶)转移,转移时的路线要选择逆风方向,用湿毛由掩住口鼻,以免呼吸时吸收硫化氢,戴防毒面具等是常常选择的逃生方法.

故答案为:

(1)甲烷;

(2)H2S+3O2

 点燃 
.
 
SO2+2H2O;

(3)①H2S是气体,密度比空气大;②可溶于水;③有毒、可与氧气反应;

(4)在逃离现场时,应向高处(山顶)转移,转移时的路线要选择逆风方向,用湿毛由掩住口鼻,以免呼吸时吸收硫化氢,戴防毒面具等.

阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries.小题1:They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.

    Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry.小题2: The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment.小题3:Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

   小题4:However,  these laws are not strict enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.

   However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. 小题5:A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

A.So the bad effects can be clearly seen.

B.It is true that Brazil has laws against pollution,

C.For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim.

D.The pollution in Cubatao is caused by the changes of the companiess.E.The government should play an important role in controlling pollution.

F.Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物).

G.The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either.

问答题